PS3-4 Exam Review

In heat transfer, heat always flows from the _______________ substance to the _______________ substance.

• hotter to colder

• colder to hotter

• hotter to hotter

• colder to colder

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS1-4

NGSS.MS-PS3-3

NGSS.MS-PS3-4

Match the following

• Average kinetic energy

• Kinetic Energy

• Total kinetic energy

• Macroscopic

• Can be seen with the naked eye

• Temperature

• Cannot be seen with the naked eye

• Microscopic

• Energy of motion

• Thermal energy

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS1-4

NGSS.MS-PS3-1

NGSS.MS-PS3-4

A student starts to heat up a gas. Claim: When he heats the gas the temperature will ​ (a)   the thermal energy will ​ (b)   and the kinetic energy of the particles will ​ (c)  

• increase
• decrease

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS1-4

NGSS.MS-PS3-4

Evidence: What will happen to the particles?

Answer explanation

The particles will begin to move faster. The more heat that is added, the faster they move.

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS1-4

Reasoning: How does it all connect? Keywords: thermal energy, temperature, kinetic energy

Answer explanation

When heated, the kinetic energy of the particles increase. This means that the average kinetic energy increases, thus the temperature increases. Since the average kinetic energy increases, that means the total kinetic energy increases, thus thermal energy increases.

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS3-1

NGSS.MS-PS3-3

NGSS.MS-PS3-4

NGSS.MS-PS3-5

If this sample of gas was heated, draw the new graph.

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS1-4

NGSS.MS-PS3-1

NGSS.MS-PS3-4

What are the similarities and differences between these two graphs?

Answer explanation

They both show the distribution of particles and kinetic energy. They have the same overall shape.

The hot sample is more flat, showing a higher value for the average kinetic energy. Meaning the temperature is hotter.

The cold sample is less flat, showing a lower value for the average kinetic energy. Meaning the temperature is colder.

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS3-1

NGSS.MS-PS3-5

Four containers have gas in them.

1. Hydrogen (H₂) at 25°C

2. Oxygen (O₂) at 0°C

3. Hydrogen (H₂) at -25°C

4. Oxygen (O₂) at -50°C

Claim: Which one has the fastest average particle speed?

• Hydrogen (H₂) at 25°C

• Oxygen (O₂) at 0°C

• Hydrogen (H₂) at -25°C

• Oxygen (O₂) at -50°C

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS1-4

NGSS.MS-PS3-1

NGSS.MS-PS3-4

NGSS.MS-PS3-5

Four containers have gas in them.

1. Hydrogen (H₂) at 25°C

2. Oxygen (O₂) at 0°C

3. Hydrogen (H₂) at -25°C

4. Oxygen (O₂) at -50°C

Evidence: Place them in order from highest average particle speed to lowest.

• Oxygen (O₂) at -50°C

• Hydrogen (H₂) at -25°C

• Oxygen (O₂) at 0°C

• Hydrogen (H₂) at 25°C

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS1-4

NGSS.MS-PS3-1

Four containers have gas in them.

1. Hydrogen (H₂) at 25°C

2. Oxygen (O₂) at 0°C

3. Hydrogen (H₂) at -25°C

4. Oxygen (O₂) at -50°C

Reasoning: How does this show that Hydrogen (H₂) at 25°C has the highest average particle speed? Keywords: Temperature, kinetic energy

Answer explanation

Temperature is the measure of the average kinetic energy. Higher temperatures have higher kinetic energy. Hydrogen (H₂) at 25°C has the highest temperature, which means the average particle is moving faster than the other gases. Faster movement means more kinetic energy and more kinetic energy means higher temperature.

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS1-4

NGSS.MS-PS3-1