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During a session with his counselor, James hesitates while describing a highly embarrassing thought. In the psychoanalytic framework, this is an example of:

• transference

• insight

• mental repression

• resistance

Answer explanation

Resistances are blocks in the flow of free association that hint at underlying anxiety

During the counseling session, James developed strong feelings of hatred for his therapist. The counselor interprets James' behavior in terms of a _______ of her feelings toward her father.

• projection

• resistance

• regression

• transference

Answer explanation

In transference, a client redirects feelings from other relationships to his/her counselor/therapist.

A counselor that says, "Say whatever comes to mind" is practicing

• projection

• free association

• word association

• transference

Rationalization, compensation, repression, projection, reaction formation, identification, introjection, denial, and displacement are ego defense mechanisms. For Freudians, the most important defense mechanism is:

• repression

• reaction formation

• denial

• sublimation

Answer explanation

The Freudians feel that repression is the most commonly used mechanism to protect oneself. Ex. A child who was sexually abused may repress the incident.

Psychoanalytically trained counselors attempt to help the client recall the repressed memory and make it conscious.

Peter receives five pesos an hour pay raise. He was expecting a one hundred pesos per hour raise. He is furious but nonassertive. He only smiled and thanked his boss. That night he yelled at his wife for no obvious reason. This situation is an example of:

• displacement

• denial

• introjection

• transference

John has always felt inferior intellectually. He currently works out at the gym and taking dangerous steroids to build his muscles. The ego defense mechanism in action here is:

• reaction formation

• compensation

• projection

• rationalization

Jung spoke of a collective unconscious common to all men and women. The material that makes up the collective unconscious which is passed from generation to generation is known as:

• complexes

• instincts

• phylogenetic endowment

• archetypes

Answer explanation

archetypes are reflections of the history of our species

This archetype pertains to the mask behind the person, which contains id-like material, denied yet desired.

• persona

• animus, anima

• shadow

• none of the above

Answer explanation

Shadow is often called the dark side of the personality but is not always necessarily negative. According to Jung, the shadow encompasses everything an individual refuses to acknowledge.

The terms "introversion" and "extraversion" are associated with:

• McCrae and Costa

• Jung

• Freud

• Adler

Lifestyle, birth order and family constellation are emphasized by

• Freud

• Jung

• Erikson

• Adler