psych 250 - chpt. 4

Which is a disadvantage of systematic observations?

• behavior may be artificial

• asks about specific behavior instead of waiting for the individual to exhibit the behavior spontaneously

• requires coding scheme because the responses are qualitative rather than quantitative

• none of the above

T or F: Naturalistic observations have the highest external validity.

• False

• True

Which describes a outcome variable?

• the dependent variable in a correlation study that is used to predict the score on another variable 

• the presence of extraneous factors in a study that affect the dependent variable and can decrease the internal validity of the study 

• the dependent variable in a correlational study that is being predicted by the predictor variable 

• a type of research design that examines the relationships between multiple dependent variables, without manipulating and of the variables 

What is external validity?

• The degree to which a study provides causal information about behavior.

•  an extraneous factor present in a study that may affect the results 

• The degree to which the results of a study can be replicated under similar conditions.

• The degree to which the results of a study apply to individuals and realistic behaviors outside the study.

T or F: A positive relationship is a relationship between variables characterized by an increase in one variable that occurs with a decrease in the other variable

• True

• False

How does a researcher control for internal validity in a study?

• control for extraneous factors that can affect the observations

• categorize behaviours

• ask about specific behavior instead of waiting for the individual to exhibit the behavior spontaneously

• use pre-existing data

which of the following describes a small-n-design?

• a data collection technique involving noninvasive observation of individuals in their natural environments 

• a research study that uses the survey observational technique to measure behavior 

• a research design that involves intensive study of particular individuals and their behavior 

• an experiment conducted with one or few participants to better understand the behavior of those individuals 

an open-ended response scale requires a _____.

• content analysis

• coding scheme

• artificial behaviour