psych vocab 23

Match the following

• Conduction hearing loss

• The transparent, protective outer layer of the eye that bends light waves to assist in proper focus

• Decibel

• snail-shaped tube in the inner ear that contains fluid that moves in response to vibrations, stimulating activity on the basilar membrane

• Cornea

• hearing loss caused by damage to the (mechanical) middle ear structures that conduct sound waves to the cochlea.

• Cochlear implant

• a device for converting sounds into electrical signals and stimulating the auditory nerve through electrodes threaded into the cochlea

• Cochlea

• unit used to express the ratio of acoustic or electric power

the theory that the retina contains three different colors receptors-one most sensitive to red, one to green, one to blue-which when stimulated in combination can produce the perception of any color.

• Gate control theory

• Young-Helmholtz trichromatic theory

• Place theory

• Opponent-process theory

Match the following

• Tactition

• Retinal receptors that detect black, white, and gray; necessary for peripheral and twilight vision, when cones don't respond.

• Sensory interaction

• the principle that one sense may influence another, as when the smell of food influences taste

• Semicircular canals

• fluid filled tubes in inner ear that provide information about movement of the head

• Sensorineural hearing loss

• hearing loss caused by damage to the cochlea's receptors cells or to the auditory nerves; also called nerve deafness.

• Rods

• sense of touch

the third layer of retinal neurons whose axons leave the eyeball and form the optic nerve.

• Vision

• Retinal ganglion cells

• Hair cells

• Biopolar cells

Match the following

• Parallel processing

• the adjustable opening in the center of the eye through which light enters.

• Retina

• the light-sensitive inner surface of the eye, containing the receptor rods and cones plus layers of neurons that begin the processing of visual information.

• Pupil

• the processing of several aspects of a problem simultaneously; the brain's natural mode of information processing for many functions, including vision. Contrast with the step-by-step (serial) processing of most computers and of conscious problem solving.

• Place theory

• in hearing, the theory that links the pitch we hear with the place where the cochlea's membrane is stimulated.

• Pitch

• sound information that depends on frequency (or wavelength) of sound waves

Match the following

• Opponent-process theory

• Collects and sends sounds to the eardrum

• Nociceptors

• sense of smell

• Outer ear

• Nerve endings that signal the sensation of pain

• Optic nerve

• the theory that opposing retinal processes (red-green, yellow-blue, white-black) enable color vision; useful for explaining the phenomenon of "after-images"

• Olfaction

• the nerve that carries neural impulses from the eye to the brain.

Match the following

• Intensity

• a ring of muscle tissue that forms the color portions of the eye around the pupil and controls the size of the pupil opening.

• Middle ear

• the transparent structure behind the pupil that changes shape to help focus images on the retina.

• Lens

• the system for sensing the position and movement of individual body parts; enabled by feedback from proprioceptors (which provide info about the movement of muscles, tendons, joints); also called "proprioception"

• Iris

• the chamber between the eardrum and cochlea containing three tiny bones (hammer, anvil, and stirrup) that concentrate the vibrations of the eardrum on the cochlea's oval window.

• Kinesthetic sense

• the amount of energy in a light or sound wave which we perceive as brightness or loudness

the innermost part of the ear, containing the cochlea, semicircular canals, and vestibular sacs.

• Retina

• Eardrum

• Inner ear

• Middle ear

Match the following

• Hue

• sense of taste

• Frequency theory

• in hearing, the theory that the rate of nerve impulses traveling up the auditory nerve matches the frequency of a tone, thus enabling us to sense its pitch.

• Hair cells

• the dimension of color that is determine by the wavelength of light; what we know as the color names blue, green, and so forth.

• Gustation

• the theory that the spinal cord contains neurological process that blocks pain signals or allows them to pass on to the brain. 

• Gate control theory

• finger-like projections on the basilar membrane that stimulate activity of the auditory nerve

Match the following

• Feature detectors

• in psychological science, the influence of bodily sensations, gestures, and other states on cognitive preferences and judgments

• Embodied cognition

• nerve cells in the brain that respond to specific features of the stimuli, such as shape, angle, or movement.

• Frequency

• A tight membrane that vibrates when in contact with sound waves

• Eardrum

• the number of complete wavelengths that pass a point in a given time; determines perception of hue in light and of pitch in sound

• Fovea

• the central focal point in the retina, around which the eye's cones cluster.