Cell Division & Apoptosis

Sister chromatids are help together by cohesins which are critical for: 

• proper chromosome segregation, late broken in late mitosis

• help carry out chromosome condensation 

• to assemble along along each individual sister chromatid 

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NGSS.HS-LS1-4

What would happen without chromosome condensation? 

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What steps are involved in the formation of spindles in prophase ?

• The 2 centrosomes form the poles and organize the microtubules

• Kinetechores capture microtubules

•  The minus ends of the microtubules are adjacent to the centrosomes

• Kinetochore formation on centrosome  

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NGSS.HS-LS1-4

What destroys cohesins and causes chromatids to separate? Can anyone explain the process involved? 

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NGSS.HS-LS1-4

When do the centrioles form?

• M

• S

• G1

• G2

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NGSS.HS-LS1-4

If kinesins only move towards the positive ends of microtubules, how do they push the cell apart?

• Haha, you are trynna trip me up. They don't push the cell apart.

• They are ~bivalent~

• They walk to the negative ends so they pull the cell in the opposite direction

• They create intrapodia that push the cell part.

What's wrong here? 

Astral microtubules pull chromosomes to poles by depolymerization,

interpolar microtubules push apart the poles by kinesin, 

Kinetochore microtubules pull apart the poles by dynein.

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NGSS.HS-LS1-4

Telophase is the final stage of mitosis, what role does dephosphorylation have in this stage?

• nuclear lamina and envelope reassembles

• microtubules disassembles

• nuclear envelope and lamina reassemble

• chromosomes decondense

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-4

Oh no! the chromosomes did not decondense! What went wrong?

• p27 erroneously activated

• APC complex was erroneously deactivated

• S-CDK was not degraded

• The lysosome malfunctioned, causing it to digest the proteins needed to decondense.

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NGSS.HS-LS1-4

Why is apoptosis essential and what are some hallmarks?

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