Muslim Empires

Recruited from the local Christian population in the Balkans, the janissaries were

• a guerrilla army that sought to drive out the Ottoman Turks.

• religious zealots who sought to convert Muslims to Mohommadism.

• used to teach sports to the Sultan’s children.

• converted to Islam and trained as elite foot soldiers or administrators to serve the sultan.

Who was the first caliph after the death of Muhammad?

• ʿAbbās I

• Abū Bakr

• Mehmed II

• Süleyman I

Review the map showing the territory of the Islamic caliphate throughout the Arabian Peninsula and surrounding areas.

Which statement best describes the territory of the Islamic caliphate in the years following Muhammad’s death in 632 CE?

• It unified eastern Asia.

• It expanded to the south.

• It more than doubled in size.

• It reached the Arabian Sea.

Why was it important to Mehmed II that the Ottomans conquer Constantinople?

• He believed it to be a holy city for Shia Muslims.

• He wanted to free the large enslaved Janissary population.

• It was the capital city and the key to creating a strong empire.

• It was strategically located on the Caspian Sea.

This dynasty ruled from 661 to 750 and its capital was Damascus in Syria. They expanded their empire to include central Asia, Afghanistan, northern Africa, & Spain. They organized their government after the Byzantines & allowed groups to practice their own religion. Arabic becomes the common language of the Muslim Empire.

• Abbasid Dynasty

• After Muhammad (The Four Caliphs)

• Seljuk Turks

• Umayyad Dynasty

• Ottoman Empire

This dynasty ruled from 1299 to 1914 (WWI) and its capital was Istanbul. It started out as one of the small states created after the previous dynasty lost power. They were the Muslim dynasty that was able to conquer Constantinople and they changed the name of the city to Istanbul. They had a special group called janissaries who were Christian boys converted to Islam who fought for the dynasty. The dynasty was eventually divided and became modern countries like Turkey, Syria, Iraq, Saudi Arabia, etc.

• Muhammad's Government

• After Muhammad (The Four Caliphs)

• Mughals

• Umayyad Dynasty

• Ottoman Empire

This dynasty ruled from 1526 to 1707 and its capital was in Delhi. They were descendants of the Mongols. The dynasty traded with Europe, the Ottoman Empire, the Far East, and Africa. Their most famous ruler was Akbar and the dynasty experienced a golden age under him. Later rulers wasted money on wars and building projects like the Taj Mahal.

• Muhammad's Government

• After Muhammad (The Four Caliphs)

• Mughals

• Umayyad Dynasty

• Ottoman Empire

Why was culture able to flourish (do well) in Mughal India?

• The civilization was wealthy due to trade with other civilizations.

• The civilization's government opened many schools for its citizens.

• The civilization was peaceful due to religious tolerance (acceptance).

• The strong army censored all opposition to the Sultan

Why was Constantinople an important city?

• Its latitude and longitude makes it the exact center of the Earth.

• It was the only city that had three major empires control it.

• It was the only city that changed its name three times.

• Most trade between Asia, Europe, and North Africa had to pass through it.

How were Muslim Achievements spread to Europe?

• Muslim achievements were spread to Europe through invasion & by Muslim missionaries traveling to Europe to spread their religion.

• Muslim achievements were spread to Europe through invasion & by Christian missionaries returning to Europe from the Middle East.

• Muslim achievements were spread to Europe through trade & by Muslim scholars traveling to Europe to share their knowledge.

• Muslim achievements were spread to Europe through trade & conflicts.