What is the most likely source of this quotation?

• Machiavelli’s recommendations to the rulers in The Prince.

• Da Vinci’s description of his new painting style in works like the Mona Lisa

• Luther’s failure to submit to the Pope’s demands at the Diet of Worms.

• Arguments of Galileo at his trial for accepting the views of Copernicus

The information in the map suggests that the Black Death spread to Europe as a result of contact with-

• merchants from West Africa

• explorers from the Americas

• traders coming from Asia

• barbarians from Scandinavia

In the 1500s, Martin Luther’s Ninety-Five Theses, Henry VIII’s “Act Of Supremacy,” And John Calvin’s Institutes of the Christian Religion contributed to -

• a decline in the power of the Catholic Church

• an increased sense of nationalism in Tudor England

• the growing of the feudal nobility in Europe

• a major conflict with Eastern Orthodox Christians

What change to Christian church practice was suggested by Martin Luther?

• increase the the sale of indulgences

• installing statues of saints in churches

• saying the mass in Latin so the faithful would hear it

• printing the Bible in the language so all could understand it

The building on the left was built during the Middle ages, while the one on the right was constructed during the Renaissance. In what ways did the Renaissance architecture differ from the architecture of the Middle Ages.

• Renaissance architecture had stained glass windows.

• Medieval architecture used columns and circular arches.

• Medieval architecture often featured a dome like roof.

• Renaissance architecture borrowed more from classical styles.

What was an important effect of the Hundred Year’s War?

• England established permanent control over much of France.

• The Black Death spread from France to England

• England and France failed to benefit from Renaissance culture.

• a greater reliance on new weapons reduces the importance of knights.

in 1517, Martin Luther was dissatisfied with the Catholic Church because he-

• thought the Church lacked structure.

• disagreed with the sale of indulgences.

• blamed the Church for not curing people who had the plague.

• believed that kings should not have more power to appoint clergy.

One major characteristic of the Renaissance was that the-

• manor became the main center of economic activity

• Catholic Culture lost all its influence in Europe

• classical culture of Greece and Rome were studied and imitated

• major language of the common people was Latin

In the passage, Boccacio was most likely describing the-

• power of special courts during the Inquisition

• effects of barbarian invasions after the fall of Rome

• treatment of native peoples in Latin American Nations

• breakdown of social order during the bubonic plague

These events are most closely associated with-

• the Crusades and the control of the Holy Land

• Martin Luther and the Protestant Reformation

• Leonardo Da Vinci and the Renaissance

• Copernicus and this theory that the Earth rotated around the sun