Ecological Relationships review

Aphids are small insects that live on various types of plants and feed on their sap. When there is a large population of aphids occupying a plant, they may remove too much sap causing damage to the plant. Ladybugs eat aphids and are often used in greenhouses to control the aphid population. Which type of relationship exists between aphids, ladybugs, and plants?

• The relationship between the ladybugs and aphids is an example of competition.

• The ladybugs and aphids are an example of predation while the aphid and plants are an example of parasitism.

• The ladybugs and plants are an example of mutualism while the aphid and plants are an example of parasitism.

• The aphids and plants are an example of commensalism while the ladybugs and plants are an example of predation.

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NGSS.MS-LS2-2

A student researching a northern forest ecosystem learns the following information about the ecosystem: Insect larvae consume white spruces Shrews and snowshoe hares are prey for lynx, red-tailed hawks, and red foxes The willows and white spruces are producers consumed by Snowshoe hares Shrews consume insect larvae Red foxes sometimes consume insect larvae Which food web illustrates the transfer of energy in these relationships?

• A

• B

• C

• D

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NGSS.MS-LS2-3

One limiting factor that impacts the sea turtle population is their nesting sites. Which of the following actions would continue to limit the nesting sites of sea turtles?

• monitoring reproductive rates of the turtles

• removal of beaches to build new businesses

• relocating turtle nests to a less populated area

• restricting access to the beaches during the breeding season

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NGSS.MS-LS2-4

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There are four different examples of relationships between organisms. Which example is correctly matched to a relationship between the organisms?

• Example 1

• Example 2

• Example 3

• Example 4

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NGSS.MS-LS2-2

Examine the food web. Which of the following describes the role of bacteria in this food web?

• Controls the population by removing energy from living organisms.

• As the bacteria break down the dead organisms and waste, it is absorbing energy.

• The bacteria provide the living organisms with energy by being consumed by the producers

• Uses energy from light to combine oxygen, carbon dioxide, and water and converts it into energy in the form of sugar.

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NGSS.MS-LS2-3

Which of the following describes a native population where there has been a decrease in the availability of food ?

• An extinct wolf population remains extinct in a local forest.

• A goldfish population that has fewer individuals than the prior year.

• A pigeon population that has the same number of offspring as the past two years.

• A frog population has more adults in a pond than when they were counted last year.

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NGSS.MS-LS2-1

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Use the food web below to answer the following question. Which of the following best describes a relationship in the food web?

• The mouse is a producer because it consumes the green plant.

• The goat is a primary consumer because it is consumed by the jackal.

• The wild cat is a secondary consumer because it consumes the rabbit.

• The green plant is a decomposer because it is consumed by the rabbit.

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NGSS.MS-LS2-3

Gopher tortoises create their homes by digging holes in well-drained sandy soils throughout the southeast region of the U.S. The Florida pine snakes will sometimes use the hole to shelter from weather or fire. Which of the following example demonstrates the same type of relationship?

• Tapeworms live in the digestive system and eat partially digested food which eventually harms the host.

• A Pseudoscorpion is a tiny scorpion with no stinger that moves from place to place by hitching a ride on much larger insects.

• The goby fish and blind shrimp live in a tunnel in the sand created by the shrimp and when a predator is near the goby fish will touch the shrimp to warn it.

• Moths lay eggs in the seedpods of the yucca plant, the larvae hatch and feed on some but not all the seeds, and the moth acts as a pollinator for the plant.

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NGSS.MS-LS2-2

Which of the following actions would negatively impact a local red-tailed hawk population?

• reduce the use of chemicals on local crops

• stock the local lakes and rivers with more fish

• cut down the local forest to make room for a new business

• planting new trees to replace the ones that were previously cut down

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NGSS.MS-LS2-1

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Cattle egrets forage (feed) in fields among cattle. The egret gets easy access to flying insects stirred up by the cattle, and the cattle don't care if they are there or not.

• mutualism
• commensalism
• competition
• parasitism

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