Anatomy Mod G Quiz

Which animals have longer oral cavities

• Fish

• Tetrapods

• Neither

• Both

Answer explanation

mammalian mouth is specialized as a suckling or masticatory organ

lips: act as a seal for the nipple when breast feeding and assist in the vocalization of speech

What is not part of the composition of saliva?

• Mucus

• Salts

• Proteins

• Pepsin

Answer explanation

pepsin is the activated form of the enzyme pepsinogen, which is found in the stomach and not the mouth

Saliva comes from the glands, 3 pairs in mammals:

the parotid, mandibular and sublingual

order the following substances from hardest to softest

enamel

cement

dentin

• dentin > enamel > cement

• cement > enamel > dentin

• enamel > dentin > cement

• cement > dentin > enamel

Answer explanation

enamel being the hardest of the three substances, is more than 95 percent inorganic matter

this property of teeth contributes to its "self sharpening" characteristic

Which reptilian tooth structure has no modification for venom delivery?

• Aglyphous

• Solenoglyphous

• Proteroglyphous

• Opisthoglyphous

Answer explanation

solenoglyphous have retractable teeth, fangs

proteroglyphous have fangs in font of the mouth

Opisthoglyphous have fangs in the back of the mouth

Acrodonts, Pleurodonts, and Thecodonts are classifications of teeth based on ______

• replacement

• attachment

• shape

• crown size / shape

Answer explanation

Acrodonts have no root and are attached to the rim of the jawbone (e.g. most fishes and some lizards)

Pleurodonts have no root and are attached to the lingual side of the jawbones (some lizards and snakes)

Thecodonts have teeth rooted in sockets (e.g. mammals, crocodilians and birds)

which tooth type is not classified based on crown size and shape

• brachydont

• Bunodont

• Lophodont

• Selenodont

• Diphyodont

Answer explanation

diphyodont is based on replacement (2 sets of teeth like in most mammals)

brachydont has low crown, like humans

Bunodont has peaked crown like in carnivores

Lophodont has ridged surfaces like rat and rhinos

Selenodont have a crescent surface like in deer

What are the muscles that are make up the smooth muscle layer of muscularis externa

• smooth and rough

• long and short

• circular and longitudinal

• striated and non - striated

Answer explanation

inner circular layer is for lengthening and constriction

outer longitudinal layer of for shortening and peristalsis

what are the divisions of the stomach in birds and crocodiles ?

• Cardia

• Fundus

• Pylorus

• Proventiculus

• Gizzard

Answer explanation

Proventiculus is where the enzymatic breakdown of food occurs

Gizzard is where the mechanical digestion occurs (food grinds against hard objects that are swallowed like pebbles)

The cloaca is associated with which organ systems

• nervous

• digestive

• circulatory

• urinary

• reproductive

Answer explanation

It forms during development as a second invagination called the proctodeum

Is separated from the gut by a cloacal membrane that will break down

Is absent in some fishes and most mammal

Which is known as the largest accessory digestive organ

• stomach

• liver

• gallbladder

• pancreas

Answer explanation

the stomach is not an accessory digestive organ

the liver is an extramural digestive gland that is important for metabolism, and develops as an outpocketing of the gut in the ventral mesentry below the anterior part of the intestine