Ecology Quiz Review

According to the graph, which of the following is true? (choose 2 answers)

(pH is the measurement of acidity)

• As soil pH increases, the population of marigolds and annual flowers decreases

• As soil pH increases, the pansies population increases

• As soil pH increases, the pansies population decreases

• As soil pH increases, the population of marigolds and annual flowers increases

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NGSS.MS-LS2-1

NGSS.MS-LS2-4

In arid or desert areas where rainfall is slim and places where there are dense forests, soil tends to be more alkaline (basic with a pH higher than 7). For example, marigold flowers, and other annual flowers, have adapted to flourish and thrive in alkaline soil (low pH). However, flowers such as pansies prefer acidic soil (high pH). The graph below shows how the different populations are affected by the pH of soil.

Which of the following answers can be considered correct based off of the graph?

• As the pH increases, the soil becomes very acidic which kills all flowers that might grow in the area.

• As the pH decreases, the roots that anchor the flowers become less stable due to the dryness of the desert-like area.

• As the pH increases, the flowers that thrives in acidic (high pH) conditions begins to increase.

• As the pH increases, the decomposing remains of flowers decrease due to them being covered up.

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NGSS.MS-LS2-1

NGSS.MS-LS2-4

NGSS.MS-LS1-5

Pyroclastic rocks are the product of explosive volcanism. When primary succession occurs on pyroclastic rocks, which life-forms will help create the soil by breaking down bare rock?

• Worms

• Annual flowers

• Grass

• Lichen

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NGSS.MS-LS2-3

Which of the following is true regarding the biodiversity/species diversity between primary and secondary succession?

• Biodiversity/species diversity is greater in primary succession due to the fact that the pioneer species ability to become specialized.

• There is no difference between the successions in regard to biodiversity/species diversity.

• Biodiversity/species diversity is greater in secondary succession due to the fact that the soil already contains traces of decomposed organisms and various seeds.

• Biodiversity/species diversity is greater in primary succession due to the process taking longer.

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NGSS.MS-LS2-4

NGSS.MS-LS2-5

A new island is formed after a volcano erupts.

What is the order that things would grow?

• Lichen, Grass, Shrub, Tree

• Tree, grass, moss

• Shrub, grass, moss, tree

• Lichen, Shrub, Moss, Tree

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NGSS.MS-LS2-3

Protected ecosystems maintain their ecosystems by not permitting a variety of species populations to be introduced which increases the ecosystem's biodiversity.

Humans can prevent invasive species from entering a certain ecosystem by announcing that ecosystem as a protected ecosystem.

• False

• True

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NGSS.MS-LS2-5

What is the main difference between primary and secondary ecological succession?

• Primary builds plant community; secondary builds animal community

• Primary begins WITH soil; Secondary begins WITHOUT soil

• Primary is the first state and secondary is the second stage

• Primary begins WITHOUT soil; Secondary begins WITH soil

What is the term that describes a steady and stable community?

• Disturbed community

• Peak community

• Climax community

• Primary community

Cattle egrets forage (feed) in fields among cattle. The egret gets easy access to flying insects stirred up by the cattle, and the cattle don't care if they are there or not.

• Parasitism

• Mutualism

• Competition

• Commensalism

If one organism is mentioned to benefit from another; meanwhile, the other organism involved is not mentioned to benefit or be harmed, then that relatioship is...

• Parasitism

• Mutualism

• Commensalism

• Competition