AP - Social Psychology Review

A basic assumption underlying the definition of groupthink is that

• more reasonable decisions are made by groups than by individuals

• group members desire peace and harmony within the group

• group members are primarily interested in their own advancement within the group

• decisions made by groups of people tend to be more extreme than those made by individuals

• leadership positions within a group should be rotated among all members

The tendency to believe that another person’s behavior is caused by dispositional factors rather than by environmental factors is called

• situational attribution

• impression management

• the fundamental attribution error

• an implicit personality theory

• identification

Which of the following behaviors is most closely associated with the foot-in-the-door phenomenon?

• Beth continues to participate in class because she is positively reinforced.

• Adam is sleeping while the rest of his classmates are working on their group project

• Sutan asks his father for $5, and when he agrees, Sutan asks him for $15 more.

• James feels pressure to go to the movies with his friends even though he prefers to go bowling.

• Diana feels guilty because she did not help her family clear the table after dinner.

A supervisor who doubts the competence of a new employee unwittingly criticizes everything the new employee does. If the new employee consequently performs poorly, which of the following will most likely have occurred?

• Latent learning

• Pluralistic ignorance

• The halo effect

• A self-fulfilling prophecy

• The Hawthorne effect

The factors chiefly responsible for interpersonal attraction include

• proximity and similarity

• contrasting values

• similar tendencies to dominate or submit

• similar attitudes toward authority

• shared attributional biases

The failure of bystanders to give victims of automobile accidents needed assistance is sometimes explained as an instance of

• diffusion of responsibility

• group polarization

• deindividuation

• situational attribution

• mere exposure effect

According to the graph above, the greatest degree of attitude change is likely to be produced by which of the following forms of advertising?

• Radio only

• Newspaper only

• Television only

• Easy messages in the newspaper and difficult messages on television

• Easy messages on television and difficult messages in newspaper

Which of the following is the best interpretation of Solomon Asch’s findings, pictured above, concerning conformity in perceptual judgments?

• The larger the group, the greater the conformity of group members.

• The smaller the group, the greater the conformity of group members.

• Conformity decreases as group size decreases to about four persons.

• Conformity increases as group size increases to about four persons.

• There is no relationship between group size and conformity.

After discussing a topic, a group makes a decision that is more extreme than the average position of all of the group members prior to discussion. The group’s action is an example of

• group consensus

• group polarization

• group consistency

• the mere-exposure effect

• diffusion of responsibility

In Stanley Milgram’s obedience experiments, subject were LEAST likely to deliver maximum levels of shock when the

• experiment was conducted at a prestigious institution

• “learner” screamed loudly in pain

• experimenter told hesitant subjects, “You have no choice, you must go on”

• “learner” said that he had a heart condition

• subject observed other subjects who refused to obey the experimenter’s orders