Evolution Quiz

Darwin noticed that many organisms seemed well suited to

• being preserved as fossils.

• providing humans with food.

• surviving in the environments in which they lived.

• swimming from South America to the Galápagos Islands.

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James Hutton’s and Charles Lyell’s work suggests that

• Earth is several million years old
• Earth is several thousand years old.
• all fossils were formed in the last 1000 years
• all rocks on Earth contain fossils

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In an experiment, suppose that the wings of fruit flies were clipped short for fifty generations. The fifty-first generation emerged with normal-length wings. This observation would tend to disprove the idea that evolution is based on

• inheritance of natural variations.
• inheritance of acquired characteristics.
• natural selection.
• survival of the fittest.

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When a dairy farmer chooses to breed the cows that give the most milk in the herd, the farmers are following the principle of

• acquired characteristics.
• descent with modification.
• artificial selection
• natural selection

According to Darwin’s theory of natural selection, individuals who survive are the ones best adapted for their environment. Their survival is due to the

• possession of adaptations developed through use.
• possession of inherited adaptations that maximize fitness.
• lack of competition within the species.
• choices made by plant and animal breeders.

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Charles Darwin called the ability of an organism to survive and reproduce in its specific environment

• diversity.
• fitness.
• adaptation.
• evolution.

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Charles Darwin’s theory of evolution by natural selection explains each of the following EXCEPT how

• species can become extinct.
• inherited traits are passed from parent to offspring.
• species descend from common ancestors.
• evolution takes place in the natural world.

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In humans, the pelvis and femur, or thigh bone, are involved in walking. In whales, the pelvis and femur shown in Figure 16–1 are

• examples of fossils.

• vestigial structures.

• acquired traits.

• examples of natural variation.

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The genes carried by all members of a particular population make up the population’s

• allele frequency.
• phenotype.
• genotype.
• gene pool.

Natural selection acts directly on

• alleles.
• genes.
• phenotypes.
• mutations.

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