5. Clinical Assessment

What makes behavior abnormal?

• •Personal distress to the individual (severe depression or panic disorder)

• •Deviance from cultural norms (in many cases of schizophrenia)

• •Statistical infrequency (rare disorders such as dissociative fugue)

• •Impaired social functioning (social phobia, antisocial personality disorder)

•a renowned scholar in the field of abnormal psychology - put forth a simplified definition of mental disorders- Harmful Dysfunction Theory

•

•‘Harmful’ is a value term based on social norms

•‘Dysfunction’ is a scientific term referring to the failure of a mental mechanism to perform a natural function for which it was designed by evolution

•Thus, the concept combines value and scientific components

• Jerome Wakefield

• Hippocrates

• Philippe Pinel

• Emil Kraepelin-

• James McKeen Cattell

•Hippocrates (460-377 BCE) wrote extensively about abnormality

•He did not offer any supernatural explanation

•Instead, theories emphasized natural causes

•Specifically, imbalance of bodily fluids (blood, phlegm, black bile, and yellow bile) as the underlying reason for various forms of mental illness.

• Alfred Binet

• Hippocrates

• Philippe Pinel

• Emil Kraepelin-

• James McKeen Cattell

•(France) - proposed specific categories such as melancholia, mania, and dementia, among others.

• Alfred Binet

• David Rapaport

• Philippe Pinel

• Emil Kraepelin-

• James McKeen Cattell

•founding father of the current diagnostic system

•He labelled specific categories such as manic-depressive psychosis and dementia praecox (roughly equivalent to bipolar disorder and schizophrenia, respectively).

• Alfred Binet

• David Rapaport

• Philippe Pinel

• Emil Kraepelin-

• James McKeen Cattell

•In 1890, ________ coined the term mental tests.

• Alfred Binet

• David Rapaport

• Philippe Pinel

• Emil Kraepelin-

• James McKeen Cattell

•French government asked Binet and collaborator Theodore Simon to design a measure to assess children with cognitive deficits.

•1905 Binet-Simon scale calculated intelligence quotient.

•1916 Lewis Terman (US) translated it as Stanford-Binet Intelligence Test, first widely available test of cognitive ability.

• Alfred Binet

• David Rapaport

• Philippe Pinel

• Emil Kraepelin-

• James McKeen Cattell

Ø(Menninger Clinic)

ØHis work at the Menninger Clinic became known for pioneering advances in clinical psychology and psychoanalysis. Finally, Rapaport became the founder and first secretary (1946-1949) of the newly formed Division of Clinical and Abnormal Psychology of the American Psychological Association.

• Alfred Binet

• David Rapaport

• Philippe Pinel

• Emil Kraepelin-

• James McKeen Cattell

•______________ is the process by which clinicians gain understanding of the patient necessary for making informed decisions.” (Korchin, 1976)

• CLINICAL ASSESSMENT

• DIAGNOSIS

• TEST BATTERY

• TESTING

• ASSESSMENT

•Labeling or specifying a psychiatric label.

•_________ often involves a systematic study of the patient through the use of specifically designed interviews, tests, criteria, and observations.

• CLINICAL ASSESSMENT

• DIAGNOSIS

• TEST BATTERY

• TESTING

• ASSESSMENT