lipids

What are the 3 major functions of lipids?

I. Sturctural components of biological membranes

II. Energy reserves (TG)

III. rapid aerobic metabolism when exercising

IV. Vitamins & hormones

• I, II, IV

• I,II

• II,III,IV

• I, II, III

Why are triacylglycerols an excellent design for energy stores?

• A) They are anhydrous.

• B) They are small.

• C) They are highly reduced.

• D) A and B.

• E) A and C.

Enzymes that digest the triacylglycerols into free fatty acids and monoacylglycerol are called

• A) hydrases.

• B) glyases.

• C) lipases.

• D) None of the above

The hormone __________ induces lipolysis, whereas the hormone __________ inhibits the process.

• A) epinephrine; adrenocorticotropic hormone

• B) glucagon; insulin

• C) insulin; norepinephrine

• D) Insulin; Glucagon

• E) epinephrine; glucagon

The β oxidation of myristyl-CoA (C-14:0) yields

• A) 7 Acetyl-CoA + 7 FADH2 + 7 NADH + 7 H+.

• B) 6 Acetyl-CoA + 7 FADH2 + 7 NADH + 7 H+.

• C) 7 Acetyl-CoA + 6 FADH2 + 6 NADH + 6 H+.

• D) 7 Acetyl-CoA + 7 FAD + 7 NAD+.

• E) 14 Acetyl-CoA + 12 FADH2 + 12 NADH + 12 H+.

How many rounds of β oxidation would be required for a 16-C fatty acyl chain to be degraded to acetyl-CoA?

• A) 16

• B) 8

• C) 7

• D) 6

• E) none of the above

What organs or tissues prefer to use ketone bodies such as acetoacetate as a fuel energy source instead of glucose?

I. Heart muscle

II. Brain

III. Renal cortex

IV. Liver

V. Muscle

• I, II,III

• II,IV

• II,IV,V

• I, III

• III,IV,V

The process of breaking triglycerides down into glycerol and fatty acids is known as ________.

• A) gluconeogenesis

• B) fat utilization

• C) lipogenesis

• D) lipolysis

Which of the following mechanisms produces the most ATP during cellular respiration?

• A) oxidative phosphorylation

• B) substrate-level phosphorylation

• C) lactic acid production

• D) B-oxidation

• E) Redox reactions

Lipogenesis occurs when ________.

• A) there is a shortage of fatty acids

• B) glucose levels drop slightly

• C) excess proteins are transported through the cell membrane

• D) cellular ATP and glucose levels are high