Evolution chapter 10 pt 2

Which is not one of the three conditions that must be met for evolution by natural selection to occur?

• Variation in phenotypic traits must exist in the population

• Differences in phenotype influence probability of survival and reproduction

• One extreme phenotype leads to greater survival

• Difference in phenotypic traits must be at leastpartially heritable

Which of the statements about selection is false?

• During their lifetime, plants may experience manydifferent sources of selection

• Insects often experience different types of selectionas larvae than they do as adults

• Birds can experience different directions ofselection in different years

• Selection in mammals always operates more strongly on survival than on reproduction

What is the best course of action for a farmer who wants to slow the evolution of resistance of a pest population feeding on her crops?

• Allowing some non-resistant pests to survive

• Decreasing the amount of pesticide but increasingthe concentration

• Increasing the amount of pesticide but decreasingthe concentration

• Planting genetically engineered crops that make their own “pesticide”

The text describes galls of flies as examples of extended phenotypes. What are extended phenotypes?

• Phenotypes that are shared by multiple organisms

• Behaviors that influence the survival of offspring

• Morphological features that affect reproductiveoutputs

• Structures constructed by organisms that caninfluence performance or fitness

Which experiment would allow you to test whether colorcould affect old field mouse fitness?

• Using dark and light models to determine predation rates in forest and beach habitats

• Trapping oldfield mice in both forest and beach habitatsand counting whether there were more dark mice inforest habitats than in beach habitats

• Following old field mice with dark coats in beach habitats to determine if they reproduce

• Conducting late night surveys in both forest and beach habitats to determine whether predators could see mice with dark or light coats in either habitat

What type of selection do goldenrodgall flies ultimately experience in response to predation by woodpeckers and parasitism by wasps?

• positive directional selection

• negative directional selection

• disruptive selection

• stabilizing selection

Each line in Graph D represents parasitism by the gall wasp, Eurytoma gigantea, on a population of goldenrod galls produced by gallflies. What type of selection do the parasitoid gall wasps exert on gallsize

• positive directional selection

• negative directional selection

• disruptive selection

• stabilizing selection

Each line in Graph D represents parasitism by the gall wasp, Eurytoma gigantea, on a population of goldenrod galls produced by gallflies. Which statement do the data support

• E. gigantea wasps selectagainst large-sized galls

• E. gigantea wasps selectagainst medium-sized galls

• E. gigantea wasps selectagainst small-sized galls

• E. gigantea wasps do not influence gall size.

Each line in Graph B represents predation by downy woodpeckers on a population of goldenrod galls produced by gallflies. What type of selection do downy woodpeckers exert on gallsize?

• positive directional selection

• negative directional selection

• disruptive selection

• stabilizing selection

Each line in Graph B represents predation by downy woodpeckers on a population of goldenrod gallsproduced by gall flies. Which statement do the data support

• Downy woodpeckers select against small-sized galls

• Downy woodpeckers select against medium-sized galls

• Downy woodpeckers select against large-sized galls

• Downy woodpeckers do not influence gall size.