AP Hug: U7 - Industrialization & Economic Development

The two areas that have the largest degree of gender inequality are

• health and politics

• health and education

• economy and politics

• economy and education

• economy and health

The question most likely studied using the GINI Index is whether

• a country is moving closer to gender equality

• religious traditions influence educational achievement

• climate influences the infant mortality rate

• push or pull factors are more influential on migration

• the income distribution influences economic growth

Answer explanation

The GINI Index, also known as the GINI coefficient is one measure of the distribution of income within a population. Values range between 0 and 1. The higher the number, the higher the income inequality.

The Industrialization Revoluton's greatest impact on the social structure was

• a significant increase in the percentage of upper-class citizens

• the growth of a large middle class

• a large increase in the percentage of people in the primary sector

• a signifcant decline in the percentage of middle-class citizens

• the development of the wealthy nobility

Answer explanation

With industrialization, the middle class expanded rapidly. Industry needed factory managers, accountants, lawyers, clerks, and secretaries.

What is the best example of a footloose activity?

• A steel mill

• An auto assembly plant

• A call center

• A large research university

• An aluminum smelter

Answer explanation

A footloose activity refers to a type of business that can easily pack up and move. For example, relocationg Call Center businesses to countries with lower wages is more possible because most countries will already have the infrastruture (Internet) necessary to perform the jobs.

Fishing, farming, forestry, and mining are part of the

• primary sector

• secondary sector

• tertiary sector

• quaternary sector

• quinary sector

Answer explanation

Primary sector jobs usually involve the "extraction" of raw materials.

Which statement best demonstrates why purchasing power parity is useful in comparing income and wealth in various countries?

• The euro is worth $1.05.

• A pair of blue jeans that cost $27 in Pakistan cost $40 in Laos.

• Inflation is 2 percent higher in Indonesia that it is in Peru.

• Unemployment is 2 percent higher in Israel than it is in Japan.

• Germany's national debt is twice as high as Panama's

Answer explanation

Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) is a measure of what similar goods cost in different countries.

The diagram illustrates the optimal location of a factory for which of the following scenarios?

• A bulk-reducing material oriented industry

• an energy-oriented industry

• a market-oriented industry

• a bulk-gaining raw material-oriented industry

• a labor-dependent industry

Answer explanation

Locations for factories will be manufacturing-oriented if the bulk materials are heavy but will reduce in size before it hits the market. An example is corn. Ethanol factories are primarily located in Iowa near the location of corn producers

A developing country that exports nearly 75 percent of all its raw materials has

• a comparative advantage

• complementarity

• commodity dependence

• neoliberal policies

• locational interdependence

Answer explanation

This typically occurs in periphery countries - defined as exporting more than 60% of a country's raw materials

Based upon Wallerstein's World Systems Theory, which of the following countries best fits the description of a periphery country?

• Brazil

• Germany

• Mali

• China

• Japan

Answer explanation

Periphery Countries

* Least Developed

* Jobs in low-skill, labor intensive production

* Provides the core & semiperiphery raw materials

* Attracts jobs by having weak laws protecting workers and environments

Which phrase best describes the countries shown in the darkest shade?

• Periphery Countries

• Semiperiphery Countries

• Core Countries

• Least-developed countries

• Developing countries

Answer explanation

Core countries are defined as

* Economically advantaged

* Headquarters for multi-national corporations

* Higher-skill, capital-intensive production

* Capital accumulation

* Dominates Semiperiphery & Periphery countries

* Benifits from International trade