Chapter 4 - Learning Approach

What was the aim(s) of Bandura’s experiment?

• Do children imitate behavior (specifically aggression) when they observe it in a role model?
• Does the sex of a role model/child matter when it comes to observational learning?
• How obedient will people be when receiving orders from an authority figure?
• Will people be obedient even if it meant someone could be seriously hurt?

What was the aim(s) of Saavedra’s and Silverman’s study?

• Can exposure therapy reduce the disgust and distress of those with button phobia?
• What factors (victim type, victim race, model behavior, or bystander group size) affect Good Samaritanism most?
• Can cognitive factors lead individuals to describe feelings with any number of emotional labels when physically aroused with no adequate explanation?
• Are eye movements related to dream content?

What was the aim(s) of Pepperberg’s study?

• Could a parrot use vocal labels to demonstrate understanding of the idea ‘same’ vs ‘different’?
• What factors (victim type, victim race, model behavior, or bystander group size) affect Good Samaritanism most?
• Can chimpanzees understand the needs of a member of the same species?
• Can cognitive factors lead individuals to describe feelings with any number of emotional labels when physically aroused with no adequate explanation?

What was the sample for Bandura’s experiment?

• 72 children (3-6yo; equal parts boy and girl) from the Stanford University nursery school
• 40 male (20-50yo) volunteers
• 122 ‘normal’ adults & 103 ‘normal’ students
• 15 people with Aspergers/High-Functioning Autism (AS/HFA) & 14 people with similar IQs (1 IQ point average difference)

What was the sample for Saavedra’s and Silverman’s study?

• 1 nine-year-old Hispanic American boy with a phobia of buttons (case study)
• 185 male University of Minnesota students taking introductory psychology. received course credit for participation
• 15 people with Aspergers/High-Functioning Autism (AS/HFA) & 14 people with similar IQs (1 IQ point average difference)
• 40 male (20-50yo) volunteers

What was the sample for Pepperberg’s study?

• 1 African Gray parrot (“Alex”) who had been used for research on communication and cognition for 10 years - case study
• ~4450 passengers traveling on an underground service between Harlem and the Bronx weekdays (11am-3pm) - opportunity sample
• 1 nine-year-old Hispanic American boy with a phobia of buttons (case study)
• 5 chimpanzees housed within the Primate Research Institute who had been part of many other perceptual and cognitive studies, including some similar to the current aim

What kind of experiment was Bandura’s experiment?

• Laboratory experiment
• natural experiment
• case study
• controlled observation (lab setting)

What kind of experiment was Saavedra’s and Silverman’s study?

• case study
• Field experiment (New York City subway)
• laboratory experiment
• controlled observation (lab setting)

What kind of experiment was Pepperberg’s study?

• Case study
• laboratory experiment
• natural experiment
• controlled observation (lab setting)

What experimental design was used for Bandura’s experiment?

• Independent measures design
• repeated measures design
• matched pairs design