POP Quiz 4/11/23

The images best support which argument evaluating how different interactions on the trade networks led to the diffusion of different religions and beliefs systems via trade networks c. 1200-1450AD?

• Travelers of the Silk Road often had to convert to Buddhism to avoid paying tolls and to protect themselves against raiders.

• Traveling merchants often utilized Buddhist made "stupas" or small temples in order to pray in or place religious icons.

• Traveling bands often avoided one another and remained with their companions to avoid being captured and ransomed by others.

• Crusaders often took various religious icons from the Islamic Holy Lands to sell in various market places when returning home.

What other establishments which existed along the Silk Road supported the spread of various faiths and belief systems?

• The Mongolian Yam system organized horse stables 20-25 miles apart so that a message could be sent from one side of the empire to the other without delay.

• Caravanserias worked as transitory hubs offering traveling merchants the opportunities to interact, rest, and care for their pack animals.

• European Banking Houses provided "Bills of exchange" or credit which supported the development of interregional trade in luxury goods.

• Military fortifications and Chinese built walls along with watchtowers and fortresses provide defenses against invading Mongolians.

However, while Buddhism spread easily throughout the Silk Road, what other religion spread through the Tran-Saharan Trade network by similar means?

• Christianity as European Crusaders attempted to capture land formerly held by Islamic Turks.

• The islamic faith spread as Mansa Musa and his followers built numerous mosques as he traveled from Timbuktu to Mecca.

• The Hindu faith spread into Nepal and Sri Lanka, where they blended with local religious and social systems.

• Judaism grew as new establishments were built following the creation of the Jewish State of Israel after the Second World War.

Based on the first paragraph, the main argument made by the author, when evaluating the effects of the Columbian Exchange on the indigenous tribes of the Americas, is...

• The Columbian Exchanged improved the lives of only those who participated in the actual trading and introduction of goods.

• Native Americans were negatively affected by the Columbian Exchange due to the introduction of new, incurable diseases such as smallpox.

• The indigenous tribes of the Americas benefitted greatly from the introduction of new bio-organisms including livestock and pack animals.

• Europeans, people of the Old World, were not immune to the negative aspects of the Columbian exchange, both contracting syphilis and becoming dependant on new world foods.

What counterargument does the author provide in the second paragraph when evaluating the effects of the Columbian Exchange on the indigenous tribes of the Americas?

• The Columbian Exchange not only benefitted Europeans, but also those living in Africa and Asia thanks to the introduction of new crops.

• Some Native American groups, especially in North America benefitted from the adoption and later inclusion of domesticated pack animals into their way of life.

• By contracting syphilis, Europeans experienced a negative reality similar to what Native American tribes experienced during 'The Great Dying.'

• The negative effects of the Columbian Exchange on the indigenous Mesoamerican tribes were shortlived compared to the long lasting benefits.

Identify another element of the Columbian Exchange which effected Native American groups not mentioned by the author?

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US involvement in the Vietnam War was an extension of what larger political conflict occuring in the late 20th century?

• Attempts by the "Big 3" to unilaterially prevent a third world war by collectively addressing all major and minor political disputes around the world.

• U.S. attempts to halt the spread of communism per their "Containment" policy fearing other nations would later fall as predicted by the "domino theory."

• The emergence of western imperial nations attempting to settle and colonize new states in order to consume their natural resources and implement self-concieved notions of superiority.

• The building of new nations as former European states decolonize and reduce their dependance on western, industrialized countries.

The Korean War, the Vietnamese Conflict, the Cuban Missile Crisis, and the Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan are all examples of

• Proxy wars, which occur when one or more opposing powers instigate a conflict and then use third parties to fight on their behalf.

• Revolutions based on the implementation of radical ideas supported during the Enlightenment period.

• direct conflicts between armies of the United States and the Soviet Union regarding the superiority of their political views.

• U.S. losses following earlier successes of the First and Second World Wars, mostly due to public desire to prevent further bloodshed.

Other than fighting in 'proxy wars', describe how did the United States and its allies sought to halt the spread of Communism without their actions leading to a direct confrontation with the Soviet Union.

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The following excerpt can be best used to describe what important aspects of the Cold War?

• The growing animosity between political superpowers and the countries who refused to join their respective causes.

• The competitive nature of feuding superpowers to out perform one another intellectually, technologically, and innovatively.

• The desire of both powers to avoid any direct confrontation and instead focus their endeavors on their country's own national successes.

• Each saw the other as a potential threat to their own people's individual freedoms and personal rights.