experi 2

In statistical terms, the research hypothesis is usually stated in a way that is most similar to what?

• The null hypothesis

• The alternative hypothesis

• Non-significant difference

• Both A and C

You want to find out how types of car (e.g., four wheel drive, ute, hatchback) differ in their fuel consumption. What is the independent variable in this example?

• The speed of the car when testing

• Car types

• Fuel consumption per km

• Whether the car uses unleaded 91 or 95

What is the basic experimental method in psychology?

• Measure dependent variable first, then measure the independent variable

• Measure the independent variable and dependent variable at the same time

• Manipulate the independent variable, then measure the dependent variable

• All of the above are correct

A poor operational definition is when:

• The variable is measured in a clear and concise manner

• The variable measurement is so broad that it measures multiple constructs

• It has a sound theoretical basis

• The definition is valid, though contested between researchers

Answer explanation

Correct! A good operational definition should clearly define one construct so that is why this answer reflects a poor operationalised definition. 

Which of the following is NOT a construct?

• Hair Colour

• Narcissism

• Love

• Gravity

Answer explanation

Good work! Hair colour is a Factor, an IV that we would manipulate.

If a researcher was to state that their experiment had good internal validity, the researcher can:

• Assume the experiment has external validity

• Assume that they still have to question the experiment’s external validity

• Assume the experiment has construct validity

• Both A and C

Answer explanation

Good work - construct validity is essential for internal validity. 

When a study requires participants to complete a questionnaire relating to how well they can relax before and after a stress reduction program, what is the most likely threat to validity?

• Diffusion of treatment

• Regression to the mean

• History effect

• Repeated testing

Answer explanation

Correct! The reason being participants might have now practiced the relaxation task and have improved on it. Meaning, the participants have improved at relaxing because they have practiced relaxing repeatedly, not because of the stress reduction program. 

Manipulating the ____ will allow for an experimental study design.

• Dependent variable

• Independent variable

• Number of participants

• Assignment of participants

Answer explanation

Correct! The independent variable is manipulated using various levels to test it.

In terms of reliability choose the most correct answer:

• An item can only be as reliable as it is valid

• A score can only be as valid as it is reliable

• A score can only be as reliable as it is valid

• An item can only be as valid as it is reliable

Answer explanation

Correct! A score on a total measure (rather than a single item/question) will only be accurate in it's measurement when it is consistent. 

The three main types of validity are:

• Measurement, extraneous, and internal validity

• Measurement, extraneous, and instrument validity

• Measurement, external, and internal validity

• Measurement, external, and inter-rater validity