Unit 8 Test Review

A student sets up the investigation shown.

The movement of colored water through the gravel best models —

• condensation of water vapor

• surface runoff of precipitation

• conservation of water

• pollution of groundwater

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NGSS.MS-ESS2-4

Lightning can cause a forest fire, destroying the majority of plants in a forest. A forest fire will

do all of the following EXCEPT —

• increase the amount of sunlight that can reach the forest floor, allowing new plant growth.

• cause a huge decrease in the predator population, maintaining the prey population numbers.

• increase nutrients in the soil available for plants, allowing for increased growth.

• stimulate the germination of certain seeds that need heat to complete a plant's life cycle.

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When tornadoes pass through regions, they can strip the land down to bare soil. Exposing this

bare soil could lead to increased —

• soil erosion.

• worm populations in the soil.

• numbers of minerals in the soil.

• water retention.

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NGSS.MS-LS2-4

Polar bears in the Arctic use the sea ice that covers the North Pole as a platform for hunting

seals, the mainstay of their diet. Recent data suggest that Arctic sea ice may have thinned as

much as 40% over the past 50 years. If the polar ice continues to melt, it is likely that the polar

bear will become extinct. Many scientists believe that the melting of the Arctic sea ice is due

primarily to human activities.

Which of the following human activities would have the most direct

effect on the thickness of the polar ice cap?

• Increased nuclear energy production

• Increased fishing in the Arctic ocean

• Increased burning of fossil fuels

• Increased human population

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The picture shows part of the Piney Woods ecoregion in east Texas.

Which of the following best explains the lack of extremely diverse landforms in this ecoregion?

• The high vegetation decreases erosion from water and wind.

• The trees in this region hide the diverse landforms underneath them.

• The trees broke down all of the previous landforms through weathering.

• The high amount of vegetation soaks up most of the corrosive water into their leaves.

The picture below shows a map of a part of the Gulf Coast Prairies and Marshes ecoregion. The

circled portion represents islands in this ecoregion.

Which of the following best explains how these islands formed?

• They formed as sand from the shore was deposited in a location where water movement

  slowed down.

• They formed as underwater volcanoes erupted and deposited lava.

• They formed as a reef built up deposits so high that it created an abovewater mass.

• They formed as hurricanes deposited sand from distant regions.

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NGSS.MS-ESS2-2

A student drew the model below to represent a part of a watershed and some human activities that affect the watershed.

How do the industrial, agricultural, and

residential activities of humans most likely affect the groundwater in the area?

• The activities prevent most of the water from evaporating into the atmosphere.

• Pollutants from the activities percolate through the soil and enter the water table.

• The activities replace the groundwater used.

• All of the above

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NGSS.MS-ESS3-4

Highly developed regions contain large amounts of fertilizers in their soil due to yard

maintenance. When these fertilizers are released from the soil, they enter local ponds, where

they deposit an unusually high amount of organic matter. This excessive organic matter leads to massive algal blooms.

What is the most likely result of the fertilizer entering the pond?

• An increase in light received by organisms that live below the water's surface

• An increase in the diversity of the organisms in pond

• A decrease in light received by organisms that live below the water's surface

• A decrease in the amount of soil and sediment at the bottom of the pond

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A student’s model of an area near a city depicts many activities that affect the quality of the water in the area.

How does the agricultural activity most likely affect the surface water of the area?

• Excess crop fertilizer is carried by runoff into the river, causing excess growth of water

  plants.

• Excess crop material accumulates on the riverbanks, slowing the movement of the river

  water.

• Crops reduce erosion, increasing the amount of soil entering the river.

• Crops absorb pure water from soil, causing the remaining water to contain more salt.

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The photograph below shows rusting barrels floating in shallow river water. Use the photograph and your knowledge of science to answer any questions that follow.

How will the rusting barrels in this stream affect the surface water in the watershed ecosystem?

• The barrels will drop the temperature of the surface water that reaches the river.

• The barrels will alter the course of the surface water that reaches the river.

• The barrels will pollute the surface water that reaches the river.

• The barrels will filter the surface water that reaches the river.

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