Hypertension/Cerebrovascular Accident

what is the normal bp

• 120/80

• 139/89

• 159/99

• 160/100

  greater than or equal to

Answer explanation

Normal bp is consider to be 120/80 or less than

- Prehypertension: 120-139/80-89

Hypertension:

-Stage 1: 140-159/90-99

-Stage 2: greater than or equal to 160/100

the cause of primary (essential) hypertension

• kidney disease

• drugs

• pregancy

• unknown

Answer explanation

Primary HTN accounts for 90% to 95% of all cases of HTN

- related to:

-increase sodium intake

-being overweight

- diabetes mellitus

- excessive alcohol use

what are significant risk factors for primary (essential) hypertension?

select all that apply

• Dyslipidemia, family history of obesity, HTN

• Tobacco use

• Obesity

• Atherosclerosis

Answer explanation

risk factors are:

- high cholesterol

-DM

- men over 55 & wonen over 65

-family hx (heart disease, obesity, HTN)

- sedentary lifestyle

- obesity

- stress (high pressure job, financial worries, family problems, increase secretion of catecholamine)

- stimulants ( may contribute or aggravate HTN; caffeine [tea, coffee, chocolate], nicotine, & amphetamine)

- drugs

- nicotine ( smoking or chewing tobacco product)

- overstimulation

- caffeine (tea, coffee, chocolate)

- Nicotine is consumed by smoking or chewing tobacco products

what causes secondary HTN

• kidney disease

• arterial conditions

• drugs such as dexamethasone

• occasionally pregnancy

Answer explanation

caused by underlying risk factors such as:

- kidney disease

- arterial conditions

- some drugs: flurocortisone, methylprednisodone, prednisone, prednisolone

(corticosteroids)

- pregnancy

which stimulants may contribute to hypertension?

select all that apply

• caffeine

• nicotine

• alcohol

• amphetamines

Answer explanation

may contribute or aggravate HTN

what are the signs and symptoms of hypertension

• headache

• light headedness

• nose bleeds

• impaired function of heart, kidneys, eyes, or brain if blood vessels are damaged

Answer explanation

signs and symptoms include:

in many people with HTN have no symptoms

- headaches that are more severe on arising (morning)

- light headedness

- nose bleeds

- if HTN has damage blood vessels in the heart,

kidneys, eyes, or brain , the patient may have symptoms of impaired function of those organs

As blood pressure rise, what are complications that may occur?

select all that apply

• heart failure

• heart attack

• blindness

• kidney disease

Answer explanation

- stroke

The most serious are heart attack and stroke (CVA), kidney disease, blindness.

Blindness due to loss of elasticity of vessel, narrowing causing occlusions over time and loss of blood flow to organ, tissue

Dx is made based on repeated pressure equal to or greater than 140/90

true/false

• true

• false

Answer explanation

everyone can have elevations depending on this situation. May have patient to keep a log at home.

- assess for any risk factor, check blood, urine, EKG.

- physician collects data about the patient's lifestyle, other cardiovascular risk factors and other medical diagnosis such as diabetes.

- examined for effects of HTN on the heart, eyes, kidneys, and brain.

- electrocardiogram (ECG) and blood & urine studies are ordered

- blood studies such as glucose, hematocrit, potassium, calcium, creatinine, and lipid profile

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-3

the nurse is taking care of a patient in hypertensive crisis. which blood tests are likely to be prescribed for this patient?

select all that apply

• arterial blood gas (ABGs)

• complete blood count (CBC)

• electrolytes

• blood urea nitrogen (BUN)

Answer explanation

blood tests:

- creatinine

For medical treatment you should start slowly and increase if need

true/false

• true

• false

Answer explanation

gradually reduce pressure - do not want elevations to come down too soon

Don't bottom out patient