LEAP Review Stations Part 2

Which of the following best supports Clara's disagreement?

• If a fossil is to be considered an index fossil, the organism must have lived only a short period of time. Since the Gastropod lived a long period of time it is not an index fossil.

• To be an index fossil, the fossil of the organism must be found in many rock layers. Since the Gastropod is not found in every layer, it cannot be an index fossil.

• An index fossil must be found over a wide area of the earth. Since the Gastropod is widely spread, it cannot be an index fossil.

• To be classified an index fossil, the fossil must be unique. Since the Gastropod is not unique, it cannot be an index fossil.

Which reasoning could Caitlin and her classmates use to correctly determine what happened?

• The curve of the sandstone layers occurred after the sandstone was laid down because the curve was the result of glaciers in the region.

• The sandstone layers were laid down in a curved formation first because they were at one time a channel for a large river that flowed here.

• The curve of the sandstone layers occurred after they were laid down because rock layers are naturally laid down horizontally.

• The sandstone layers were laid down after the curve because they were laid down on top of rocks that had collapsed due to a landslide.

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NGSS.MS-ESS1-4

NGSS.MS-ESS2-2

Which of the following best explain how the Grand Canyon and Mushroom Rock changed over time? Choose TWO answers.?

• Mushroom Rock and the Grand Canyon were both formed from different types of erosion that took millions of years.

• The Grand Canyon took longer than the Mushroom Rock to form due to the fact that the metamorphic  and igneous rocks are more resistant to weathering and erosion than sedimentary rock.

• Since Mushroom Rock and the Grand Canyon are from the same type of biome, the rate of erosion was the same.  This means that it took the same amount of time for both of them to form.

• The Grand Canyon and Mushroom Rock were formed due to water erosion, therefore the rate of erosion is the same.  This means it took the same amount of time for both of them to form.

• For both The Grand Canyon and Mushroom Rock, most of the erosion occurred at the bottom of the structure.

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NGSS.MS-ESS2-2

Which of the following is the most likely reason that the land masses have changed over time?

• Tectonic processes caused the movement of Earth’s plates and seafloor spreading 145 million years ago and continues to move today.

• Large plates of Earth’s surface greatly moved 145 million years ago but do not move in the present day. 

• Earth’s plates have moved as far apart as possible, therefore they will not move any more.

• Erosion and weathering over long periods of time have caused these large plates to drift apart.

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NGSS.MS-ESS2-2

NGSS.MS-ESS2-3

Many scientists claim that the present day continents will continue to drift apart.  Which evidence best support their claim?  Select three correct answers.

• A volcano erupted approximately 35 years ago at Mount Saint Helens.

• Scientists know that the continents have come together and spread apart at least three times in the Earth’s history and this pattern will continue.

• Areas along the San Andreas Fault experience earthquakes on a regular basis.

• Louisiana’s coastline is disappearing at a rate of 75 km² a year.

• Hurricane Lane hit land in Hawaii on August 22, 2018.

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NGSS.MS-ESS2-2

NGSS.MS-ESS2-3

What evidence best supports the claim that petroleum is a non-renewable resource? Select the two best answers.

• Petroleum is formed by a geologic process rather than created in a laboratory.

• Petroleum is made through geologic processes that take far longer than a human’s life-span.

• Petroleum extraction is much faster than the geologic processes that create petroleum.

• Louisiana has over 700 million barrels of petroleum stored in two of the four sites of the US Strategic Petroleum Stockpile.

• Petroleum is continuously being formed because zooplankton and algae continue to die and be formed into petroleum.

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NGSS.MS-ESS3-4

Based on the information provided, which location is most likely to experience earthquakes more often?

• Vancouver because it is located closest to the Juan de Fuca plate boundary.

• California (CA) because it had earthquakes of the greatest magnitude.

• Oregon (OR) because it is affected by earthquakes from all three sources

• Washington (WA) because it had recent volcanic activity at Mt. St. Helens.

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NGSS.MS-ESS2-3

NGSS.MS-ESS3-2

Which of the following statements best explains their results? 

• The temperature outside varied over the growing season which caused some plants to not grow as tall.

• Since the shorter plants were in the shadows of the taller plants, they did not receive enough light to grow tall

• The growing conditions of the plants were different; therefore, some of them did not get the same nutrients that they needed.

• The plants had different genetic factors that caused some to grow tall and others to not grow as tall.

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NGSS.MS-LS1-5

NGSS.MS-LS2-1

As a trumpet player, Miles Davis had to cancel several concert dates due to broken wrists and hips.  What is the underlying cause of his injuries?

• The protein that codes for hemoglobin has been altered.

• The sickled red blood cells cannot carry enough oxygen for cells to function properly.

• The shape of the sickled cells causes them to clump together.

• The structure of mutated hemoglobin is different from normal hemoglobin.

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NGSS.MS-LS3-1

Which of the following conclusions should Linda make based on her research? 

• Birds are more likely to be successful predators than bats or birds.

• Bird and human limbs serve a more-similar purpose than bird and bat limbs.

• Bats and birds are more-closely related through evolution than they are to humans.

• Bats and humans have the most-recent common ancestor and are most closely-related.

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