3.6. An electrocardiogram (ECG) on a person shows ventricular extrasystoles. The extrasystolic beat would produce

(D) decreased pulse pressure because stroke volume is decreased

(A) increased pulse pressure because contractility is increased

(B) increased pulse pressure because heart rate is increased

(C) decreased pulse pressure because ventricular filling time is increased

(E) decreased pulse pressure because the PR interval is increased

3.7. An electrocardiogram (ECG) on a person shows ventricular extrasystoles. After an extrasystole, the next “normal” ventricular contraction produces

(A) increased pulse pressure because the contractility of the ventricle is increased

(B) increased pulse pressure because total peripheral resistance (TPR) is decreased

(C) increased pulse pressure because compliance of the veins is decreased

(D) decreased pulse pressure because the contractility of the ventricle is increased

(E) decreased pulse pressure because TPR is decreased

3.8. Anincreaseincontractilityisdemonstrated on a Frank-Starling diagram by

(A) increased cardiac output for a given end- diastolic volume

(B) increased cardiac output for a given end- systolic volume

(C) decreased cardiac output for a given end-diastolic volume

(D) decreased cardiac output for a given end-systolic volume

In a capillary, Pc is30mmHg,Pi is−2mmHg, πc is 25 mm Hg, and πi is 2 mm Hg. 3.13. What is the direction of fluid movement and the net driving force?

(E) There is no net fluid movement

3.15. The tendency for blood flow to be turbulent is increased by

(C) partial occlusion of a blood vessel

(D) decreased velocity of blood flow

3.16. A 66-year-old man, who has had a sympathectomy, experiences a greater- than-normal fall in arterial pressure upon standing up. The explanation for this occurrence is

(D) a suppressed response of the baroreceptor mechanism

(A) an exaggerated response of the renin– angiotensin–aldosterone system

(B) a suppressed response of the renin– angiotensin–aldosterone system

(C) an exaggerated response of the baroreceptor mechanism

3.18. In which of the following situations is pulmonary blood flow greater than aortic blood flow?

(C) Left-to-right ventricular shunt

(D) Right-to-left ventricular shunt

3.18. In which of the following situations is pulmonary blood flow greater than aortic blood flow?

(C) Left-to-right ventricular shunt

(A) Administration of a positive inotropic agent

(D) Right-to-left ventricular shunt

3.19. The change indicated by the dashed lines on the cardiac output/venous return curves shows

(C) increased mean systemic pressure

(A) decreased cardiac output in the “new” steady state

(B) decreased venous return in the “new” steady state

(E) increased myocardial contractility

3.20. A 30-year-old female patient's electrocardiogram (ECG) shows two P waves preceding each QRS complex. The interpretation of this pattern is

(D) decreasedconductionthroughtheAVnode

(A) decreased firing rate of the pacemaker in the sinoatrial (SA) node

(B) decreased firing rate of the pacemaker in the atrioventricular (AV) node

(C) increased firing rate of the pacemaker in the SA node

(E) increased conduction through the His- Purkinje system

3.21. An acute decrease in arterial blood pressure elicits which of the following compensatory changes?

(A) Decreased firing rate of the carotid sinus nerve

(B) Increased parasympathetic outflow to the heart

(E) Decreased mean systemic pressure

3.22. The tendency for edema to occur will be increased by

(C) increased plasma protein concentration

3.23. Inspiration “splits” the second heart sound because

(A) the aortic valve closes before the pulmonic valve

(B) the pulmonic valve closes before the aortic valve

(C) the mitral valve closes before the tricuspid valve

(D) the tricuspid valve closes before the mitral valve

(E) filling of the ventricles has fast and slow components

3.24. During exercise, total peripheral resistance (TPR) decreases because of the effect of

(C) local metabolites on skeletal muscle arterioles

(A) the sympathetic nervous system on splanchnic arterioles

(B) the parasympathetic nervous system on skeletal muscle arterioles

(D) local metabolites on cerebral arterioles

(E) histamine on skeletal muscle arterioles

3.27. An increase in arteriolar resistance, without a change in any other component of the cardiovascular system, will produce

(C) an increase in arterial pressure

(A) a decrease in total peripheral resistance ( TPR)

(B) an increase in capillary filtration

3.29. Which of the following is the result of an inward Na+ current?

(B) Upstroke of the action potential in Purkinje fibers

(A) Upstroke of the action potential in the sinoatrial (SA) node

(C) Plateau of the action potential in ventricular muscle

(D) Repolarization of the action potential in ventricular muscle

(E) Repolarization of the action potential in the SA node

3. 30. The dashed line in the figure illustrates the effect of

(A) increasedtotalperipheralresistance (TPR)

(E) increased mean systemic pressure

3.32. The greatest pressure decrease in the circulation occurs across the arterioles because

(E) they have the greatest resistance

(A) they have the greatest surface area

(B) theyhavethegreatestcross-sectionalarea

(C) the velocity of blood flow through them is the highest

(D) the velocity of blood flow through them is the lowest

3.33. Pulse pressure is

(D) determined by stroke volume

(A) the highest pressure measured in the arteries

(B) the lowest pressure measured in the arteries

(C) measured only during diastole

3.33. Pulse pressure is

(D) determined by stroke volume

(A) decreased when the capacitance of the arteries decreases

(B) the difference between mean arterial pressure and central venous pressure

(C) measured only during diastole

3.34. In the sinoatrial (SA) node, phase 4 depolarization (pacemaker potential) is attributable to

(B) an increase in Na+ conductance

(A) an increase in K+ conductance

(C) a decrease in Cl– conductance

(D) a decrease in Ca2+ conductance

(E) simultaneous increases in K+ and Cl– conductances

3. 36. During which phase of the cardiac cycle is aortic pressure highest? (E) Isovolumetric ventricular relaxation (F) Rapid ventricular filling (G) Reduced ventricular filling (diastasis)

(D) Reduced ventricular ejection

(B) Isovolumetric ventricular contraction

3. 36. During which phase of the cardiac cycle is aortic pressure highest?

(D) Reduced ventricular ejection

(A) Reduced ventricular filling (diastasis)

(C) Isovolumetric ventricular relaxation

3.38. Which of the following is an effect of histamine?

(B) Vasodilation of the arterioles

(A) Decreased capillary filtration

(E) Interaction with the muscarinic receptors on the blood vessels

3.39. Carbon dioxide (CO2) regulates blood flow to which one of the following organs?

(E) Skeletal muscle during exercise

3.41. The physiologic function of the relatively slow conduction through the atrioventricular (AV) node is to allow sufficient time for

(A) runoff of blood from the aorta to the arteries

(D) contraction of the ventricles

(E) repolarization of the ventricles

3.42. Blood flow to which organ is controlled primarily by the sympathetic nervous system rather than by local metabolites?

(D) Skeletal muscle during exercise

3.43. Which of the following parameters is decreased during moderate exercise?

(E) Total peripheral resistance (TPR)

(A) Arteriovenous O2 difference

3.45. During which phase of the cardiac cycle is ventricular volume lowest?

(E) Isovolumetric ventricular relaxation

(B) Isovolumetric ventricular contraction

(D) Reduced ventricular ejection

Cardiovascular - The heart

Authored by Ly Linh

Professional Development

University

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OPEN ENDED QUESTION

30 sec • Ungraded

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MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

3.1. A 53-year-old woman is found, by arteriography, to have 50% narrowing of her left renal artery. What is the expected change in blood flow through the stenotic artery?

(A) Decrease to 1⁄2

(B) Decrease to 1⁄4

(D) Decrease to 1⁄16

(E) No change

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

3.2. When a person moves from a supine position to a standing position, which of the following compensatory changes occurs?

(A) Decreased heart rate

(B) Increased contractility

( TPR)

(D) Decreased cardiac output

(E) Increased PR intervals

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

3.3 At which site is systolic blood pressure the
highest?

(A) Aorta

(B) Central vein

(D) Right atrium

(E) Renal artery

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

3.3 At which site is systolic blood pressure the
highest?

(A) Renal vein

(B) Central vein

(D) Right atrium

(E) Renal artery

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

3.4. A person's electrocardiogram (ECG) has no P wave, but has a normal QRS complex and a normal T wave. Therefore, his pacemaker is located in the

(A) sinoatrial (SA) node

(B) atrioventricular (AV) node

(D) Purkinje system

(E) ventricular muscle

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

3.5. If the ejection fraction increases, there will
be a decrease in

(A) cardiac output

(B) end-systolic volume

(D) pulse pressure

(E) stroke volume

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Cardiovascular - The heart

Họ và tên:

3.1. A 53-year-old woman is found, by arteriography, to have 50% narrowing of her left renal artery. What is the expected change in blood flow through the stenotic artery?

3.2. When a person moves from a supine position to a standing position, which of the following compensatory changes occurs?

3.3 At which site is systolic blood pressure thehighest?

3.3 At which site is systolic blood pressure thehighest?

3.4. A person's electrocardiogram (ECG) has no P wave, but has a normal QRS complex and a normal T wave. Therefore, his pacemaker is located in the

3.5. If the ejection fraction increases, there willbe a decrease in

3.5. If the ejection fraction increases, there willbe a decrease in

3.6. An electrocardiogram (ECG) on a person shows ventricular extrasystoles. The extrasystolic beat would produce

3.7. An electrocardiogram (ECG) on a person shows ventricular extrasystoles.After an extrasystole, the next “normal” ventricular contraction produces

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3.3 At which site is systolic blood pressure the
highest?

3.3 At which site is systolic blood pressure the
highest?

3.5. If the ejection fraction increases, there will
be a decrease in

3.5. If the ejection fraction increases, there will
be a decrease in

3.6. An electrocardiogram (ECG) on a person shows ventricular extrasystoles.
The extrasystolic beat would produce

3.7. An electrocardiogram (ECG) on a person shows ventricular extrasystoles.
After an extrasystole, the next “normal” ventricular contraction produces