Evidence for Evolution FA

The embryonic development of animals suggests an order of relation between humans and other animals, some animals being more closely related to humans than the others. Which of these options arranges the animals from most related to humans to least related to humans?

• I, III, II
• II, III, I
• III, II, I
• II, I, III

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NGSS.HS-LS4-1

NGSS.HS-LS4-2

Examine the image of the relatedness of vertebrates represented in this phylogenetic tree. Which statements are correctly inferred from this tree? (select all that apply)

• The mammals are the outgroup in this tree
• Birds and dinosaurs share a recent common ancestor.
• Mammals and birds are more closely related than any other species.
• Turtles are equally as diverged from lizards and snakes as they are from crocodiles.
• Lizards and snakes are more recently diverged from each other than they are from crocodiles.

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NGSS.HS-LS4-1

The amino acids for beta hemoglobin found in five animal species were compared to the amino acids found in human (Homo sapiens) beta hemoglobin. The number of sequence differences was recorded. Based on the molecular data, what inference could you make about the anatomy of these species compared to human anatomy?

• Anatomically, lemurs are most like humans
• Anatomically, gorillas are most like humans
• Anatomically, none of the species are similar to humans
• Anatomically, only the lemur differs from the human.

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NGSS.HS-LS4-1

Despite their differences, all bony fish have common ancestors. Their fins develop from similar structures and usually have a prescribed number of bones. Because of this, the large rudder-like dorsal fin of a sailfish, the poisonous dorsal fin of a catfish and the tiny reduced fin of a puffer fish are said to be _____ structures.

• vestigial
• analogous
• homologous
• evolutionary

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NGSS.MS-LS4-2

The diagram shows the leg bones of a orangutan, dog, pig, cow, tapir, and horse (L --> R). Most of the animals have the same bones, although some are shaped differently and placed in different positions. What does this suggest about mammals?

• They share a common ancestor
• Mammals are evolving to become more and more like one another
• They all continue to use these structures for the exact same purpose.
• The shape of the bones has less to do with the environmental pressures on the animal and more to do with what their relatives are.

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NGSS.HS-LS4-1

The fossil image is of a trilobite. Trilobites lived in the ancient seas and the fossil was found in the sea floor. Compare the fossil to the four modern-day animals pictured. Based on physical evidence, the trilobite is probably a direct ancestor of which animal?

• locust
• pill bug (roly-poly)
• scallop
• roundworm

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NGSS.HS-LS4-1

How do fossils provide evidence that evolution has happened on Earth?

• Fossils show how the sizes of certain animals has changed drastically over millions of years
• Fossils show that some species have gone extinct
• Fossils show how life forms present today are different than those from the past
• Different sedimentary rock layers provide evidence for how the environment has changed over time

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NGSS.HS-LS4-1

NGSS.HS-LS4-5

According to this data, the unknown bacterial species is most closely related to: 

• Species I
• Species II
• Species III
• Species IV

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NGSS.HS-LS4-1

NGSS.HS-LS4-2

Analogous structures are a result of

• convergent evolution

• divergent evolution

• coevolution

• gradualism

Structures with the same parts have different functions; suggests that organisms share a common ancestry

• vestigial structures
• homologous structures
• adaptive radiation
• fossil

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS4-1