8. The partition of British India in 1947 created the new Muslim state of Pakistan and the predominantly Hindu state of India. The immediate result of the drawing of new geographic boundaries was

religious and ethnic violence that led to mass migrations and massacres

the peaceful annexation of Kashmir, a predominantly Muslim state, by Pakistan

a peaceful transition to independence along the lines that Mohandas Gandhi, the nationalist and advocate of nonviolence, had envisioned

a lasting nuclear nonproliferation pact between the newly created states

9. The conference as described in the first and second paragraphs is best explained in the context of which of the following developments in the aftermath of the Second World War?

The dissolution of European empires

The development of regional free-trade agreements

The spread of industrial methods of production

The intensification of ethnic rivalries in Africa

10. The conference’s decision to “endorse other methods,” as mentioned in the second paragraph, is best explained in the context of which of the following?

Many African colonies had failed to obtain the greater self-governance promised after the First World War and doubted that European powers would fulfill similar promises after the Second World War.

The Non-Aligned Movement was attractive to many African societies that opposed both European policies in Africa and the development of a bipolar global order.

The growth of the international arms trade provided armed groups in Africa with military superiority over European powers.

Many African societies had been strongly influenced by European methods of administration, economic and political philosophy, and culture.

11. The author’s opinion in the third paragraph regarding the caution that the United States was employing in supporting African independence movements is most directly explained in the context of which of the following developments in the immediate aftermath of the Second World War?

The United States had vastly more economic and military power than its European allies.

The United States used its intelligence agencies to overthrow regimes in Third World nations.

The United States used its influence in international organizations to rally support for its policies in Third World nations.

The United States and the Soviet Union preferred to engage in proxy wars rather than in direct conflict.

12. The title of the article best suggests that the author is responding to the arguments of which of the following?

Postcolonial and anti-imperialist thinkers

Supporters of conservative nationalism

Neoliberal economists and advocates of free-trade policies

13. The author’s point of view regarding the West was likely influenced by which of the following developments at the time he was writing?

The collapse of communism in Eastern Europe and the end of the Cold War

The spread of the liberation theology movement in Catholic Latin American states

The outbreaks of ethnic violence in Africa and Eastern Europe

The growing strength of environmental protest movements

14. The recommendation provided in the second paragraph is best explained in the context of which of the following historical situations in the aftermath of the Second World War?

The attempts by Soviet officials to establish ideological ties with newly independent states

The creation of secret competing alliance systems by European powers

The emergence of fascist states engaged in territorial expansion in Asia and Africa

The implementation of genocidal policies by totalitarian states

15. Which of the following best explains the purpose of the arguments expressed in the passage?

To influence United States government officials to adopt policies designed to avoid a major war

To convince world leaders to unite in order to stop the evils of communism

To convince Soviet citizens that the United States meant them no harm in the hopes of creating a sustainable peace

To influence Soviet government officials to adopt economic policies that would harm the Soviet Union

16. Which of the following best explains how the historical circumstances of Kennan’s service as a diplomat in the Soviet Union influenced his point of view regarding the “Soviet structure of power” in the first paragraph?

He witnessed how conflict between Germany and the Soviet Union allowed Stalin to further centralize his power and use Russian nationalism to mobilize the population.

He witnessed how German atrocities had turned ethnic groups within the Soviet Union who had initially opposed Stalin against the Nazis.

He witnessed how the Soviet Union used its industrial capabilities to produce vastly more quantities of war equipment than Germany could produce.

He witnessed how the Soviet Union’s defeat of Nazi Germany allowed it to decide the fate of states in Eastern Europe that it occupied.

17. The recommendation provided in the second paragraph is best explained in the context of which of the following historical situations in the aftermath of the Second World War?

The attempts by Soviet officials to establish ideological ties with newly independent states

The creation of secret competing alliance systems by European powers

The implementation of genocidal policies by totalitarian states

The emergence of fascist states engaged in territorial expansion in Asia and Africa

18. The slogans best illustrate which of the following actions of twentieth-century communist governments?

The adoption of repressive policies in order to impose one-party rule

The use of subterfuge to undermine and discredit democratically elected governments

The adoption of electronic surveillance technologies to suppress internal dissent

The suppression of organized religion

19. The ideas expressed in the last two slogans most likely reflect which of the following twentieth-century developments?

Totalitarian states using violence and genocide against civilians to maintain power

Civil war between communist factions supporting China and the Soviet Union

Constitutional conflicts emerging between the executive and judicial branches in communist states

Civil rights movements destabilizing newly independent states

20. Which of the following aspects of the political context of the 1950s best explains the author’s view of colonial wars expressed in the poem?

The memory of the destructive total wars of the early twentieth century

The influence of United States mass media

The beginning of European economic and political integration

The intensification of anticommunist sentiment in the context of the Cold War

21. Late-twentieth-century military conflicts such as the one referred to in the poem typically resulted from which of the following?

Nationalist resistance to imperialism

22. The method of achieving political change advocated in the poem best illustrates which of the following practices used by reform movements in the twentieth century?

Nationalization and collectivization

23. Which of the following developments in the period after 1945 could most directly be used as evidence to challenge the author’s assertion regarding the effects of British rule in India in the first two paragraphs?

Great Britain’s divide-and-rule strategy in India deepened religious tensions, leading to a partition of India that resulted in millions of people dying or ending up as refugees.

Indian leaders adopted the policies of many other postcolonial states by using government resources and policy to guide economic development.

After achieving its independence, India joined the Non-Aligned Movement, a group of nation-states that refused to side with either the United States or the Soviet Union during the Cold War.

After achieving independence, India remained economically tied to Great Britain by joining the British Commonwealth of Nations.

24. The fact that large numbers of South Asians migrated to Great Britain after the end of British rule could indirectly be used as evidence to support the author’s arguments mostly because the migrations of former colonial subjects to imperial metropoles in the late twentieth century demonstrate that

migrants were attracted to many aspects of the cultural, political, and economic systems that imperial powers had brought to their colonies

migrants were quick to relinquish their cultural traditions upon settling in imperial societies

migrants from former colonies quickly found lucrative jobs in imperial societies and could use their income to boost the fortunes of their families back home

migrants from former colonies could expect to encounter little racial discrimination in imperial societies

25. All of the following statements about British rule in India in the twentieth century are factually accurate. Which could best be used as evidence to modify the author’s claim about the “public benefits” of British rule in India in the second paragraph?

British investment in infrastructure such as railways and roads provided the largest economic benefit to British companies operating in India rather than to ordinary Indians.

The British government in India developed educational institutions in which instruction was conducted in English, providing a common language that many Indians of diverse linguistic traditions used to communicate with each other.

The British government in India often allowed different religious groups to use their own legal customs in civil matters such as marriage and divorce.

British companies cooperated with the British government to expand India’s canal system and irrigation network in order to improve agricultural production and interior communications.

26. Which of the following best explains how the historical situation in which Li Zhisui wrote his biography of Mao Zedong influenced Li’s assessment of the experience of the Great Leap Forward?

Writing in the United States years after the events he described, Li Zhisui is free to offer his honest opinion, without fear of retaliation from the Chinese government.

Writing a biography of his former national leader, Li Zhisui is trying to portray Mao’s policies from a loyal and sympathetic point of view.

Writing many years after the events he describes, Li Zhisui likely misremembers many of the actual details of the experience of Chinese industrialization under Mao’s rule.

Writing in the 1990s in the context of a deindustrializing United States economy, Li Zhisui is skeptical of the value of China becoming an industrial nation under Mao’s rule.

27. Li Zhisui’s description of the actions of the local party secretaries in the third paragraph is significant because it can be most directly used to explain the ways in which individuals within communist China reacted to the government’s

use of physical violence against anyone seen as not fulfilling the mandates of the central Chinese leadership

implementation of cultural policies that attempted to suppress the practice of religion

use of propaganda that advocated for spreading communist revolution in Western societies

glorification of peasant military contributions and suffering during the war with Japan

28. Which of the following best explains the significance of Li Zhisui presenting two contrasting views of the success of Mao’s industrialization policy in the second and third paragraphs?

By doing so, Li Zhisui is trying to illustrate the discrepancy between the reality of the resource redistribution policy and the facade communists created for propaganda purposes.

By doing so, Li Zhisui is trying to reject the Maoist argument that peasants can be used as substitutes for industrial workers in trying to increase a country’s economic output.

By doing so, Li Zhisui is trying to show that Mao’s approach of copying Western methods of industrial production was finally proved to be a failure.

By doing so, Li Zhisui is trying to convince his audience that adopting Chinese agricultural methods was the only way to end the food shortages plaguing Third World countries.

29. Which of the following most likely explains the Soviet Union’s motivation for being involved in the Congo as described in the passage?

It wanted to take advantage of a regional conflict to expand its military power and ideological influence.

It wanted to promote greater stability in Third World countries by ending regional conflicts.

It wanted to expand its economic power by establishing free-trade agreements with dependent states.

It wanted to establish its own colonies to extract natural resources for its industrial factories.

30. The level of military engagement between Western nations and the Soviet Union referred to in the passage is best explained by which of the following developments after the Second World War?

The possession of nuclear weapons by the United States and the Soviet Union made it too dangerous for Western nations and the Soviet Union to engage in large-scale military conflict with each other.

The economic decline of communist states made it impossible for them to transport large armies to distant regions.

The ability of the United Nations to send peace-keeping forces limited the scale of the involvement of major military powers in regional conflicts.

The continued importance of resource-rich regions in Africa to economic development in the West and the Soviet Union discouraged them from engaging in large-scale conflicts that could cause vast destruction.

31. The characterization of the traditional Chinese marriage system in Article 1 most likely reflects which of the following?

The Marxist ideology of Mao Zedong’s government in China

Chinese elites’ adoption of Western gender norms following the Opium Wars

Chinese nationalists’ emphasis on the unity of Chinese territory

The influence of Buddhist teachings on Chinese culture

32. The provisions in Articles 8 and 9 can best be used as evidence to support which of the following claims about women in China in the late twentieth century?

Women were an important part of the labor force that the government tried to recruit in implementing its economic policies

Despite making some advances, Chinese women continued to have lower social status compared to men.

The Chinese government strongly encouraged Chinese women to dedicate themselves only to raising their children.

As more women were elected to leadership positions in China, they shaped legislature to address issues of special importance to women.

33. Which of the following types of sources would likely be most useful in evaluating the effectiveness of the 1950 marriage law in bringing about social change in China?

A private diary by a married woman describing her daily work and family-related responsibilities

A documentary about the lives of Chinese women produced by a Chinese government film studio

A propaganda poster depicting the ideal communist family, featuring a working mother and father and a happy child

A memoir by a communist party official who was involved in the passage of the law

34. The maps of Africa above best explain which of the following about African history in the twentieth century?

Why African state-building efforts have been hindered by the persistence of political boundaries inherited from the colonial era

Why Islam has continued to spread in sub-Saharan Africa following decolonization

Why some former colonial powers have continued to intervene in the internal affairs of their former colonies after independence

Why most African states achieved independence within a few years of one another

Ap World Cold War

Authored by Julie Good

English

8th Grade

CCSS covered

Used 12+ times

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35 questions

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MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

1. In 1949, NATO was established so that Western leaders could counter

the perceived threat that the Soviet Union and its allies would spread communism

the decolonization of Africa and nationalization of Western industry there

free-market advocates in the United States and Great Britain

the growing power of developing countries in the United Nations

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

2. The pattern in the numbers of nuclear weapons shown in the table between 1945 and 1985 is best understood in which of the following contexts?

The second industrial revolution

Competition between Western and communist powers

Decolonization of empires in Asia and Africa

The outbreak of the Second World War

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

3. The pattern in the numbers of nuclear weapons shown in the table after 1985 is best explained by which of the following?

The spread of communism in Eastern Europe

The collapse of the Soviet Union and the end of the Cold War

Globalization and the development of international economic unions

Proxy wars in Asia and Africa

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

4. Which of the following is the most serious limitation of the table as a source of information on the comparative military capabilities of nuclear powers?

It does not include data on the number of people in each nation injured or killed by weapons of mass destruction.

It does not include data on the economic output (gross domestic product) of each nation.

It does not include data on the average life expectancy of the population of each nation.

It does not include data on the total destructive power of the nuclear stockpiles of each nation.

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

5. The primary technology shown in the table contributed most directly to advances in which of the following areas?

Genetically modified agriculture

Medical vaccines and antibiotics

Internet and cellular communications

Energy production

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

6. During the negotiations to end British rule in India in the aftermath of the Second World War, British actions were ultimately most strongly influenced by which of the following arguments?

The argument in Source 1 that “to yoke together two such nations under a single state” would lead to “destruction”

The argument in Source 2 that “religious and cultural differences should not interfere with [Indians’] shared association with our homeland.”

The argument in Source 2 that “the [Indian National] Congress . . . has made provisions for the protection of all religions, cultures, and languages in a future Indian state”

The argument in Source 1 that, for the British, “the concept of party government and parliamentary rule has become the ideal . . . for every country”

7. In the second half of the twentieth century, the kind of tensions illustrated by the two sources would most directly lead to the emergence of which of the following in postcolonial Asian and African states?

Popular movements advocating the restoration of colonial rule

Famines and epidemics

Communist movements

Movements advocating for regional autonomy

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