4.18.23 - Topic 3 - Bioenergetics - Keystone Review

Which statement best describes the role of ATP in a living system?

• ATP senses and adjusts the pH in the cellular environment.

• ATP identifies and repairs weak components of cells and tissues.

• ATP measures and provides heat to increase reaction rates in cells.

• ATP captures and transfers energy released by the breakdown of glucose.

Answer explanation

Chemical energy is stored in the bonds of the ATP molecule, particularly the bonds between the phosphate groups.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-7

Which statement best explains why cellular respiration in plants and other organisms is dependent on photosynthesis?

• Photosynthesis is one of the final steps in cellular respiration.

• Photosynthesis provides the materials that fuel cellular respiration.

• Photosynthesis absorbs excess energy produced by cellular respiration.

• Photosynthesis absorbs materials that are catalyzed during cellular respiration.

Answer explanation

Cellular respiration in plants depends on photosynthesis because the sugar produced during photosynthesis is a reactant during cellular respiration.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS2-5

A scientist observed that during the course of a chemical reaction the number of ATP molecules was reduced. What did the scientist most likely learn from the observation?

• The reaction produced water.

• The reaction consumed water.

• The reaction caused an output of energy.

• The reaction required an input of energy.

Answer explanation

ATP is the energy currency of the cell and is used to fuel reactions.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-7

NGSS.HS-PS1-4

Which process uses the products of photosynthesis as reactants?

• active transport

• cellular respiration

• DNA replication

• protein synthesis

Answer explanation

Glucose and oxygen are products of photosynthesis that are also reactants in cellular respiration

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-7

NGSS.HS-LS2-5

Plant cells use sunlight to make their own food. Which structure allows plant cells to perform this function?

• nucleus

• vacuole

• chloroplast

• mitochondrion

Answer explanation

A chloroplast is a plastid involved in the transformation of light energy into chemical energy in the form of glucose.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-5

NGSS.HS-LS2-5

A plant cell uses the molecules in the list to synthesize a protein. What role do the ATP molecules play in the protein synthesis process?

• They provide energy.

• They increase activation energy.

• They convert energy into hereditary information.

• They absorb excess energy to prevent overheating.

Answer explanation

ATP provides energy for all biochemical reactions in a cell, including protein synthesis.

The diagram shows an energy transformation that typically occurs in plant cell plastids. Which statement best describes this role of plastids in the plant cell?

• Chloroplasts transform light energy into chemical energy.

• Mitochondria transform light energy into chemical energy.

• Chloroplasts transform chemical energy into electromagnetic energy.

• Mitochondria transform chemical energy into electromagnetic energy.

Answer explanation

Chloroplasts are plastids in plant cells that transform light energy into chemical energy in the form of glucose.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-5

Which two statements correctly describe one similarity and one difference between cellular respiration and photosynthesis?

• statements 1 and 2

• statements 1 and 4

• statements 2 and 3

• statements 3 and 4

Answer explanation

Cellular respiration and photosynthesis are similar because water is part of both reactions; they are different because the sugar produced during the energy transformations in photosynthesis is used as a reactant during the energy

transformation in cellular respiration.

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NGSS.HS-LS1-5

NGSS.HS-LS1-7

A cell in the leaf of a green plant performs both photosynthesis and cellular respiration, often at the same time. Which statement best describes how these processes are related to each other?

• Both processes produce carbon dioxide.

• Both processes require energy directly from the Sun.

• Products of one process are used as some of the reactants for the other process.

• Thermal energy from one process is used as the energy source for the other process.

Answer explanation

Photosynthesis uses carbon dioxide produced during cellular respiration, and cellular respiration uses oxygen produced during photosynthesis.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS2-3

NGSS.HS-LS2-5

An organism carries out both photosynthesis and cellular respiration. Which statement- describes a difference between these two processes?

• Only cellular respiration creates chemical energy.

• Only photosynthesis changes light energy into chemical energy.

• The processes occur in different types of animal cells.

• The processes occur at different times during the animal’s life cycle.

Answer explanation

Photosynthesis uses radiant energy from the Sun and converts it into chemical energy in the form of glucose

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NGSS.HS-LS1-5

NGSS.HS-LS1-7