SDC Chapter 2

_____ is the set of moral standards for judging whether something is right or wrong.

• ethics
• social responsibility
• the marketing concept
• consumerism
• legality

Summer Dean was walking through the mall and found a gym bag lying on the ground. The decision Dean must make as to whether to keep the gym bag and its contents for herself or turn it into the mall’s lost and found department involves:

• consumerism
• ethics
• the marketing concept
• cultural awareness
• social reciprocity

_____ is a philosophy that focuses on the consequences of an action to determine whether it is right or wrong. This philosophy holds that an action that affects the majority adversely is morally wrong.

• distributive justice
• preconvential morality
• social responsibility
• utilitarianism
• consumerism

Which of the following statements about utilitarianism is true?

• Utilitarianism is concerned with providing for the needs of the minorities.
• The concept of utilitarianism supports affirmative action programs.
• Utilitarianism holds that an action that affects the majority adversely is morally wrong.
• Utilitarianism is primarily concerned with the legal aspects of business decisions.
• None of the above statements about utilitarianism is true.

Which of the following statements about utilitarianism is true?

• Utilitarianism is designed to create both winners and losers.
• The application of the utilitarianism concept will only produce winners.
• There are no negative costs associated with utilitarianism.
• Using utilitarianism, a manager can accurately calculate how his or her decision will affect the majority of its stakeholders.
• Utilitarianism is a legal concept—not an ethical one.

Mamma's Diner was a small restaurant that was a popular hangout for many Bedford College students, but because of the owner's inability to make the bathroom stalls handicapped accessible for the one wheel-chair student on campus, it was forced to close down. The belief that this it was morally wrong to deprive the majority of the people of this experience is an expression of the philosophy associated with:

• distributive justice
• preconvential morality
• social responsibility
• utilitarianism
• consumerism

Criticism of South Africa's post-apartheid government contends that the new government has not extended liberties to its black majority population, but has instead concentrated on proving to a white minority that a black-run administration can govern a reasonably sophisticated economy and society. The belief that the new South African government is behaving unethically is an expression of the philosophy associated with:

• distributive justice
• preconvential morality
• social responsibility
• utilitarianism
• consumerism

Utilitarianism:

• states that any act that jeopardizes the individual's rights is wrong
• creates win-win situation
• is difficult to implement because it is hard to tell how one decision will impact a large number of people
• supports the belief that life should be fair
• is easy to implement because of its childlike simplicity

Another factor influencing business ethics is _____, or what is fair according to prevailing standards of society.

• equity
• utilitarianism
• validity
• righteousness
• justice

In the 21st century, we define justice as:

• an equitable distribution of the burdens and rewards that society has to offer
• the creation of a situation in which all involved are winners
• support for the development of legal measures to define ethics
• a global concept, which is defined the same throughout the world
• the avoidance of wrong