The greatest factor in the development of "skyscrapers" was

• the invention of elevators
• availability of cheap labor
• the invention of escalators
• the inventions of the Bessemer process

Businessmen during the Gilded Age of the late 19th century often favored relaxed immigration laws because they

• were supporters of the settlement house movement
• in favor of the nativist movement
• considered the increase in immigration to be the cornerstone of American industy
• valued cheap and unskilled labor

Which factor had the greatest positive effect on the late 19th century American industrialization

• failed homesteaders
• large supply of cheap labor
• passage of Sherman Anti-Trust Act
• Increase of American manufacturing in the South due to the abolition of slavery

Sometimes the producer of a product owns the businesses that supply them with raw goods to make that product AND owns the stores that sell the product. This situation may best be called

• Vertical integration
• horizontal integration
• multi-directional integration
• forced integration

Which one of the following descriptions best describes "horizontal integration"?

• Economic development of the American west
• a company owns all of the businesses that supply it with raw goods
• a company acquires competing businesses and merges them into a single entity
• when the wealthy ruling class controls the means of production

Which of these was an effect of the rapid industrialization of the United States in the last half of the 19th century?

• More people became craftsmen and artisans
• more people moved to rural areas in search of work
• Fewer women and children were used in industrial jobs
• the economy was increasingly controlled by big corporations

Cities had been built on rivers from the very beginning of human civilization. When the Industrial Revolution began, growing cities were often located close to what other resources?

• Farmland
• Oil wells
• Child labor
• Coal and iron mines

The theory of laissez-faire economics was used during the late 1800s to

• justify unregulated business growth
• call for more big business protections
• support progressive initiatives such workplace reform
• create a more even distribution of wealth.

Which factor most influenced the growth of the United States economy between 1865 and 1900?

• Development of socialist economy
• successful immigrations policies
• governmental policy of laissez-faire
• all of these

From 1865 to 1900, how di the growth of industry affect American society?

• The United States experienced the disappearance of the traditional artisan vocations
• Population center shifted from the Northeast to the Northwest
• Government instituted strict immigration policies
• The proportion of Americans living in urban areas increased drastically