Cognition Chapter

A kind of schema that involves a familiar sequence of activities, such as how to behave when you go to a restaurant for lunch, is called a(n) ________.

• heuristic
• exemplar
• prototype
• script

A test is said to be reliable if ________.

• a person's score on a test is pretty much the same every time he or she takes it
• it contains an adequate sample of the skills it is supposed to measure
• its results agree with a more direct measure of what the test is designed to predict
• it is culture-fair

Alfred Binet designed the first ________ test.

• aptitude
• performance-based
• perception
• intelligence

An advantage of algorithms over heuristics is that ________.

• algorithms are much faster
• algorithms guarantee a correct answer if one is available
• algorithms are shortcuts
• algorithms use rules-of-thumb

An advantage of using a heuristic over an algorithm is ________.

• the heuristic ensures a correct answer
• the heuristic takes longer and is more accurate
• the heuristic can be quicker
• the heuristic always works the same way

An example of Sternberg's practical intelligence is ________.

• academic achievement only
• knowing when to plant corn
• having interpersonal and emotional skills
• learning how to write clearly

An IQ test is developed that supposedly measures people's intelligence. It is given to a large and random sample of college students. It is found that the test correlates in a highly positive manner with the students' GPAs. The test designer may be justified in claiming that the test is valid.

• True
• False

Andre is trying to determine the best way to get to his house after work, because his usual route has been blocked by emergency vehicles due to a car accident. He can't "see" a different route, so instead he imagines how he would drive to work from home if he had to take a different route. Andre is using the ________ heuristic.

• working backward
• representativeness
• availability
• subgoaling

Frank mistakenly believes that there are more words that begin with the letter "k" than there are with the letter "k" in the third position due to the ________.

• representativeness heuristic
• availability heuristic
• planning fallacy
• confirmation bias

Gardner and his associates are known for proposing ________.

• the generalized theory of intelligence
• the triarchic theory of intelligence
• the theory of multiple intelligences
• the theory of emotional intelligence