1.4-8 HBIO

Which line in the table below shows features of the human genome?

• A

• B

• C

• D

The following are events in the evolution of life on Earth.

1 Animals appear

2 Vertebrates appear

3 Land plants appear

In which order are these events thought to have occurred?

• 1 2 3

• 1 3 2

• 3 1 2

• 3 2 1

The graph below shows a molecular clock which compares the amino acid sequences in the protein cytochrome C in various vertebrate groups.From the information in the graph, which vertebrate groups shared a common ancestor most recently?

• fish and reptiles

• Birds and mammals

• Reptiles and mammals

• Birds and reptiles

The type of mutation shown is…

• Deletion

• Substitution

• Insertion

• Inversion

The graphs below show possible changes in the body size of a population of barn swallows, Hirudino rusticana, in response to a selection pressure.Which row in the table below matches each graph with the type of selection taking place?

• 1-disruptive

  2-directional

  3-stabilising

• 1-directional

  2-disruptive

  3-stabilising

• 1-stabilising

  2-disruptive

  3-directional

• 1-directional

  2-stabilising

  3-disruptive

With how many species does the African leopard share a common ancestor in this phylogenetic tree?

• 2

• 5

• 12

• 13

New species have evolved when two populations

have become

• isolated by a behavioural barrier

• unable to interbreed to produce fertile offspring

• very different due to directional selection

• very different due to disruptive selection.

Each type of human cell has a different structure and function because

• only some of their genes are expressed

• they contain different genes

• some genes are lost during differentiation

• some genes are gained during differentiation.

The list describes some uses of stem cells.

1 Studying how cells differentiate

2 Researching the development of Parkinson’s disease

3 Producing skin for skin grafts

4 Bone marrow transplants

Which of these uses are not therapeutic?

• 1 only

• 1 and 2 only

• 2 and 4 only

• 3 and 4 only

The analysis of DNA sequences from different organisms is used in the production of molecular clocks.

This analysis is based on the assumption that over time DNA sequences undergo mutations

• Randomly

• Spontaneously

• At a varying rate

• At a constant rate