STAAR WARM up 2

Match the following

• Haploid

• An alternate form of a gene

• Genotype

• A full set of chromosomes found in somatic cells

• Diploid

• A single set of chromosomes found only in gametes

• Allele

• The genetic make-up of an organism

• Phenotype

• The physical traits of an organism

In Holstein cattle their coats can be a solid color or spotted. A spotted coat is due to a recessive gene while a solid coat color is dominant. If two spotted cattle were crossed, what phenotypic results would be expected?

• All spotted offspring

• All solid offspring

• 50% spotted offspring: 50% solid offspring

• 75% solid offspring: 25% spotted offspring

Punnett squares are a tool that are used to predict genotypes of future offspring.  Which Punnett squares correctly show crosses between two parents who are heterozygous for given traits?

Select TWO correct answers. 

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In Mendel’s pea plants, plant height is controlled by a single gene in which the tall allele is dominant to the short allele. Which of the parental genotypes would produce 75% tall pea plants and 25% short pea plants?

• TT x Tt

• TT x tt

• Tt x Tt

• Tt x tt

Crossing over between non-sister chromatids during meiosis is significant in heredity. This process most likely leads to an increase in which of the following?

• The expression of dominant traits

• Number of gametes

• The occurrence of polyploidy

• Genetic variation

Tomato plants usually have hairy stems. Hairless stems are present in tomato plants that are homozygous recessive for the trait. If the stem characteristics are determined by a single gene, what is the expected outcome of crossing two tomato plants that are heterozygous for hairy stems?

• 75% hairy stems: 25% hairless stems

• 100% hairy stems

• 100% hairless stems

• 50% hairy stems: 50% hairless stems

Match the following

• Mutation

• A change in the DNA sequence

• Nucleus

• The process in which a segment of DNA is copied into a message known as mRNA

• Transcription

• The process in which mRNA is read to determine the order of amino acids in the protein 

• Translation

• The site of transcription in eukaryotes

Transcribe the following segment of DNA.  3’ T A C C C C G A T A T C 5’

• 5’ A T G G G G C T A T A G 3’

• 3’ G T A T T T C C C A T A 5’

• 5’ A U G G G G C U A U A G 3’

• 3’ C U A U A G G G G C A A 5’

Translate the following segment of mRNA:  5’ A U G C A C G U C U G C 3’

• Methionine- Alanine- Proline- Alanine

• Methionine - Histidine- Valine- Cysteine

• Tyrosine- Histidine- Glutamine- Asparagine

• Leucine- Serine- Serine- Methionine

What is the role of mRNA in expressing specialized structures? 

• Making energy available for cellular activities

• Creating bonds to form biomolecules

• Producing sugars that assist with replication

• Providing information to form proteins