IB SEHS Topic 13 Review

Which is the main immune response that leads to the symptoms of DOMS?

• Chemical secretions

• Mucosal secretions

• Inflammation

• Leucocyte production

Which are effective strategies for minimizing the risk of infection in athletes?

I.   Maintain oral hygiene

II.  Reduce recovery time

III. Ensure sufficient sleep

• I and II only

• I and III only

• II and III only

• I, II and III

An athlete has sustained cortisol levels that suppress their immune system. What has caused this?

• Regular rest days during their training programme

• Maintaining a high carbohydrate diet during their training programme

• Undertaking a short-term high-intensity training programme

• Undertaking a high-intensity and prolonged training programme

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-3

During the Olympic Games, athletes live in a residential village. What strategy will limit the risk of illness and infection spreading among the athletes?

• All athletes eating in the same food service areas

• All sleeping quarters are shared

• All athletes using a common water source

• All athletes being required to wash their hands regularly

Tags

NGSS.HS-ETS1-3

Which describes inflammation?

• Tissue damage increases fluid build-up, allowing immune cells to reach the site of damage.

• The ability to stop an area of the body from continuing to bleed.

• The skin has secretions that help to prevent disease from invading the body.

• A localized decrease in the number of leucocytes at the site of tissue damage.

Which may indicate that an athlete has overtrained?

• The athlete shows increased leucocyte count.

• The athlete shows decreased leucocyte count.

• The athlete will have decreased innate chemical factors.

• The athlete shows no signs of increased inflammation.

  Markscheme

What is a function of the immune system?

• To sustain increased levels of cortisol

• To lower leucocyte numbers

• To increase levels of adrenaline

• To protect the body against pathogens

Which strategy can athletes use to reduce their risk of infection?

• Maintain close contact with people

• Maintain oral hygiene

• Maintain high-intensity training

• . Maintain high-frequency of training

  Markscheme

What typically results from high and prolonged training loads?

• An increase in cortisol levels

• A decrease in insulin levels

• An increase in glucagon levels

• A decrease in circulating hormone levels

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-3

What makes sedentary people less susceptible to infections than elite athletes?

• They have higher leucocyte numbers due to less stress on the body.

• They have increased inflammation due to muscle damage

• They have lower leucocyte numbers due to the stress of the exercise.

• They have greater exposure to airborne bacteria due to poor health.