Chapter 2: Earth Processes

Core

• innermost, dense sphere made of iron and nickel

• the lithosphere is divided into plates that are in float Independently and are in constant movement due to the viscous asthenosphere. and can cause ocean features to form

• outermost later of solid rock

• narrow, deep canyons in seabed

Mantle

• long, high-energy waves caused by seismic activity of earthquake or volcano.

• hot, semisolid, molten rock capable of slow movement

• the lithosphere is divided into plates that are in float Independently and are in constant movement due to the viscous asthenosphere. and can cause ocean features to form

• mountains with crater/vent where lava, hot vapor, gas, rock fragments are forced through Earth’s crust

Crust

• outermost later of solid rock

• ice crushing rock

• 1 high and low tide daily

• tectonic plates moving away from each other

Theory of plate tectonics

• mountains with crater/vent where lava, hot vapor, gas, rock fragments are forced through Earth’s crust

• the lithosphere is divided into plates that are in float Independently and are in constant movement due to the viscous asthenosphere. and can cause ocean features to form

• tectonic plates moving towards each other

• openings in the ocean floor where cold ocean water that has seeped in the crust is superheated by magma underneath and forced out

Convergent Boundary

• narrow, deep canyons in seabed

• sliding of plates against each other

• tectonic plates moving away from each other

• tectonic plates moving towards each other

Divergent Boundary

• narrow, deep canyons in seabed

• sliding of plates against each other

• tectonic plates moving away from each other

• tectonic plates moving towards each other

Transform Boundary

• outermost later of solid rock

• long, high-energy waves caused by seismic activity of earthquake or volcano

• sliding of plates against each other

• the area where the land meets the sea between the highest spring tide and lowest spring tide water marks

Trenches

• the superheated, pressurized water rich in dissolved

• narrow, deep canyons in seabed

• sudden energy release from crust’s movement

• openings in the ocean floor where cold ocean water that has seeped in the crust is superheated by magma underneath and forced out

Mid-Ocean Ridge

• material is broken down and transported to a new location

• mountains with crater/vent where lava, hot vapor, gas, rock fragments are forced through Earth’s crust

• underwater mountain ranges with central valleys

• flat, sandy regions found between trenches and continental rise

Hydrothermal Vents

• wind blowing and picking up sediment

• 2 high and low tide daily. 

• openings in the ocean floor where cold ocean water that has seeped in the crust is superheated by magma underneath and forced out

• mountains with crater/vent where lava, hot vapor, gas, rock fragments are forced through Earth’s crust