Chapter 5: Examples of Marine Ecosystems

Limpets

• flattened looking snails that clamp their shells to a rock to store water during driest parts of day, maintaining temp and gaseous exchange

• common snails that use their muscular foot to anchor onto rocks to prevent being swept by waves

• algae adapted to surviving desiccation, they have curled fronds to minimize water loss by evaporation and frond channels to trap water at high tide

• marine annelids, European beach burrowers; popular food source among predators; tail can be regrown id lost (sacrifice a piece of themselves to survive)

Coral Bleaching

• coral whitening from loss of zooxanthellae

• seafloor and immediately above it; lowest/deepest 

• common snails that use their muscular foot to anchor onto rocks to prevent being swept by waves

• salt-tolerant trees that prefer to live in coastal or estuarine environments between 25 N and 25 S

Periwinkle

• common snails that use their muscular foot to anchor onto rocks to prevent being swept by waves

• mollusks with muscular foot for anchorage and can trap water in mantle during low tide

• crustacean that cement themselves in substrate and metamorphosize into adults. 

• how well water flows throw a substance

Salt

• tolerant lichens

• reef erosion caused by living organisms 

• reproduction where seed develops into a young plant while still attached to parent

• algae adapted to surviving desiccation, they have curled fronds to minimize water loss by evaporation and frond channels to trap water at high tide

Ghost Crabs

• dig deep burrows high on shore above high tide mark to avoid heat; as such sets they leave burrow to travel water line and eat any washed up detritus; have sand- colored camouflage. 

• seafloor and immediately above it; lowest/deepest

• coral loses more calcium carbonate skeleton than gains

• how well water flows throw a substance

Permeability

• mollusks with muscular foot for anchorage and can trap water in mantle during low tide

• human benefits from ecosystem functioning

• how well water flows throw a substance

• large, interconnected body of water of all major world oceans encircling the world’s continents

Benthic Zone

• seafloor and immediately above it; lowest/deepest

• human benefits from ecosystem functioning

• salt-tolerant trees that prefer to live in coastal or estuarine environments between 25 N and 25 S

• marine annelids, European beach burrowers; popular food source among predators; tail can be regrown id lost (sacrifice a piece of themselves to survive) 

World Ocean

• mollusks with muscular foot for anchorage and can trap water in mantle during low tide

• human built structures designed to mimic a natural reef

• crustacean that cement themselves in substrate and metamorphosize into adults

• large, interconnected body of water of all major world oceans encircling the world’s continents

Razor Clams

• algae adapted to surviving desiccation, they have curled fronds to minimize water loss by evaporation and frond channels to trap water at high tide

• large bivalves burrowers that bury themselves by using muscular foot, creating a hole 0 to avoid predators; then they quickly expand their shells to create more room for their body; they then close their shells to create a sinking motion; repeated until the clam has fully buried itself leaving only a tube called a siphon exposed for gas exchange. 

• marine annelids, European beach burrowers; popular food source among predators; tail can be regrown id lost (sacrifice a piece of themselves to survive)

• mollusks with muscular foot for anchorage and can trap water in mantle during low tide

Reef Erosion

• human benefits from ecosystem functioning

• mollusks with muscular foot for anchorage and can trap water in mantle during low tide

• reef erosion caused by living organisms  

• coral loses more calcium carbonate skeleton than gains