Cold War 1945-1991

What can be implied from the picture ?

• Western Europe rebuilt more quickly after World War II.

• Eastern Europe was economically competitive after World War II.

• Eastern Europe rebuilt less quickly after World War II.

• Western Europe was unable to rebuild its military after World War II.

“There is one sign the Soviets can make that would be unmistakable, that would advance

dramatically the cause of freedom and peace. General Secretary Gorbachev, if you seek peace,

if you seek prosperity for the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe, if you seek liberation, come

here to this gate. Mr. Gorbachev, open this gate. Mr. Gorbachev, tear down this wall!”

- President Ronald Reagan (June 12, 1987)

From the quote above, which symbol of the Cold War was President Reagan speaking about?

• The DMZ

• The Great Wall of China

• the Berlin Wall

• The Iron Curtain

Which of the following was a major objective of China's Cultural Revolution in the 1960s?

• expanding contact with Western nations

• introducing democratic reforms

• restoring ancient religious traditions

• reinforcing communist ideology

What prompted the Berlin Airlift?

• The Soviets took over the western half of Germany and cut off food supplies.

• The Soviets cut off all traffic in or out of West Berlin.

• The Soviets invaded Western Germany to take control.

• The Soviets refused to allow a democratic government in West Berlin.

What was the main focus of US foreign policy during the Cold War?

• To establish a strong military alliance.

• Containment of the spread of communism.

• Providing aid to Western Europe following the devastation of World War II.

• Extending the political, economic, and cultural influence of the United States.

“I believe it must be the policy of the United States to support free peoples who are resisting

attempted subjugation [domination] by armed minorities or by outside pressure. Should we fail

to aid Greece and Turkey in this fateful hour, the effect will be far-reaching to the West. The

seeds of totalitarian regimes are nurtured by misery and want. They spread and grow in the

evil soil of poverty and strife. They reach their full growth when the hope of a people for a

better life has died. Therefore, I propose giving Greece and Turkey $400 million in aid.” -

President Truman’s speech to Congress, March 12, 1947.

What was the extent of the Truman Doctrine and the Marshall Plan ?

• Ensure the survival of the newly independent nations of Africa and Asia.

• Provide political, military, and economic assistance to all democratic nations under threat

  from external or internal authoritarian forces.

• Provide medical aid to South Korea during the Korean War.

• Limit the proliferation of nuclear weapons during the Cold War.

. . . The Parties agree that an armed attack against one or more of them in Europe or North

America shall be considered an attack against them all and consequently they agree that, if

such an armed attack occurs, each of them, in exercise of the right of individual or collective

self-defense . . . will assist the Party or Parties so attacked by taking forthwith, individually and

in concert with the other Parties, such action as it deems necessary, including the use of

armed force, to restore and maintain the security of the . . . area. . . .

What organization includes this statement in its charter ?

• Warsaw Pact

• League of Nations

• United Nations

• North Atlantic Treaty Organization

How was the Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union impacted by the

formation of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) and the Warsaw Pact?

• These treaties established strong military alliances which intensified the Cold War.

• The purpose of these treaties was to improve trade relations between the countries and

  had no effect on the Cold War.

• The Cold War deescalated because the Soviet Union was a member of these alliances.

• The Cold War intensified because most Americans did not believe that NATO or the

  Warsaw Pact would be successful.

In comparison to the Warsaw Pact member states, European nations aligned on the opposite side of

the Cold War were characterized by which feature?

• economic freedom

• militarism

• totalitarian government

• censorship

In 1946, Winston Churchill used the term “Iron Curtain "when describing conditions in Europe.

What did he mean by this term?

• There was a division between communist Eastern Europe and Western Europe.

• Peace had finally spread throughout the countries of Europe.

• European nations needed to build more factories.

• The militaries of Western Europe were becoming too powerful.