Chapter 4 Review

Identify one change in the methods of food production that occurred during the Agricultural Revolution in Britain, according to the authors of A History of the Modern World.

• New technology to increase efficiency

• Use of the open field system

• Even distribution of farmland to small farmers

• Breeding smaller sheep

Identify one effect of the actions taken by wealthy landowners described in the passage. 

• Decrease in the amount of food produced on farms in England

• Enclosure Acts and consolidation of small farms into large ones owned by a few farmers

• Wealthy landowners lost the money they invested in farming innovations

• Small farmers gained power in Parliament

Which conclusion is best supported by the information on the map? 

• England’s natural resources led to the growth of industrial cities. 

• In 1830, England had an unfavorable balance of trade. 

• Great Britain’s prosperity unified the people. 

• People emigrated from Great Britain because of pollution.

Identify one cause of the historical development depicted in the map. 

• Socialist organizations promised land and a good wage to those who moved to industrial cities.

• The British government paid people to move to cities. 

• Agricultural innovations made it easier for farmers to hire more people. 

• Coal powered steam engines powered factories that employed many people in England. 

Identify one effect of the historical development depicted in the map. 

• The Glorious Revolution

• Overcrowded and polluted cities

• Higher employment for farmers

• England invaded France

According to Martin Perry, what role did Adam Smith believe the government should play in the economy?

• The government should regulate businesses to make sure they use safe practices.

• The government should restrict which businesses are allowed to open.

• The government should make very few laws that affect businesses.

• The government should play a role in helping businesses make as much money as possible.

Which of the following effects did Adam Smith’s ideas have in England in the 18th and 19th centuries?

• Workers unionized for better pay.

• Governments passed laws to prevent child labor.

• Theorists predicted that the population would outgrow the nation’s food supply.

• Industrial leaders gained in wealth and power.

This illustration and excerpt depict events from which time and place in history? 

• Revolutionary France

• Victorian England

• Meiji Japan

• Soviet Russia

Which characteristic of the Industrial Revolution most directly contributed to the health concern highlighted in this illustration and excerpt? 

• urban population growth

• improved communication

• new power sources

• trade union movement

Which action effectively addressed the specific public health concern raised in this illustration and excerpt? 

• installation of electric lighting in poor neighborhoods

• burning herbs to purify the air

• improvements in water treatment

• relocation of government offices