AP Psych. Vocab. 126-146

In psychoanalytic theory, the basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety-arousing memories, thoughts, and feelings.

• interference

• misinformation effect

• heuristic

• repression

Incorporating misleading information into one’s memory of an event.

• confirmation bias

• mental set

• misinformation effect

• heuristic

A simple thinking strategy that often allows us to make judgments and solve problems efficiently; usually speedier but also more error-prone than algorithms (which are step-by-step)

• misinformation effect

• confirmation bias

• mental set

• heuristic

A tendency to search for information that supports our preconceptions and to ignore or distort contradictory evidence.

• confirmation bias

• mental set

• belief perserverance

• framing

A tendency to approach a problem in one particular way, often a way that has been successful in the past.

• mental set

• confirmation bias

• framing

• grammar

Clinging to one’s initial conceptions after the basis on which they were formed has been discredited.

• grammar

• belief perserverance

• mental set

• framing

The way an issue is posed; how an issue is framed can significantly affect decisions and judgments.

• confirmation bias

• telegraphic speech

• framing

• mental set

In language, a system of rules that enables us to communicate with and understand others.

• grammar

• framing

• telegraphic speech

• asphasia

Early stage of speech development where a toddler uses mostly nouns and verbs in two-word sentences. One can usually easily understand what the child is trying to say because the words follow syntax rules.

• mnemonics

• aphasia

• grammar

• telegraphic speech

Language impairment

• aphasia

• menemoics

• intelligence

• telegraphic speech