STAAR Review

Proteins are often thought of as the "workhorses" of cells. They facilitate many of the tasks required to sustain life in organisms. Which of the following cell functions is NOT performed by proteins?

• Replication of DNA

• Transporting chemicals across the cell membrane

• Providing energy for the cell

• Defense against diseases

Answer explanation

Proteins do everything except provide energy

How are lipids and proteins similar?

• They both provide protection

• They both contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen

• They both contain nitrogen.

• They are both produced through photosynthesis.

Answer explanation

Lipids create membranes and protect de cell. Your immune system uses proteins to break apart bacteria and virus to also protect the body

Which of these would cause an increase in carbon dioxide in the atmosphere?

• An increase in respiration

• An increase in burning fossil fuels

• A decrease in the ozone layer

• An increase in photosynthesis

What do trees convert carbon dioxide and others materials into during photosynthesis?

• Carbohydrates

• Amino acids

• Nucleic Acids

• Lipids

Answer explanation

Plants use photosynthesis to make their own food, glucose (carbohydrates)

Every living thing needs nitrogen, but before most living things can use it, it must be changed into ammonia. Which of the following organisms can change nitrogen gas into ammonia?

• Mold

• Algae

• Yeast

• Bacteria

The functional similarity between the hinged jaws of mammals and insects is an example of what?

• Homology

• Analogy

• Divergent evolution

• Natural selection

Answer explanation

This is when the parts hve the same function but their structure is not the same

How do homologous structures among animals provide evidence for evolution?

• These structures are all shown in fossil records

• These structures are all produced by the same genes.

• These structures are similar in function but of different basic structure.

• These structures are different in different animals but are modifications of the same basic structure.

Answer explanation

Parts are the same but their function is different. Since parts are the same in other organism it shows that organisms have a common ancestor or relationship

The DNA of a molecule contains the genetic instructions for an organism. What are the instructions for a specific organism determined by?

• The type of proteins in the molecule

• The length of the molecule

• The sequence of the nitrogen bases in the molecule

• The number of nucleic acids in the molecule

Answer explanation

The body reads DNA like you read a sentence if you change the order of the words or letters and the meaning changes

During DNA replication, the information contained on the double stranded DNA is copied into two new strands. If an original strand of DNA had the sequence GTACGTA, what sequence would a newly synthesized strand contain?

• CATGCAT

• GTACGTA

• TGCATGC

• ATGCATG

The cell in the image represents a ______

• prokaryote because it contains ribosomes

• eukaryote because it has flagella

• prokaryote because it lacks a nucleus

• eukaryote because it has a cell membrane