Principles of Biology 2 Final Review

If height was completely determined by genetics

• offspring of all parents would be the same height as their mothers

• The best-fit line would be more similar to a line with slope of 1 (purple line)

• the scatter of points around the orange line would be greater

• The average height of parents would be a poor predictor of the height of offspring.

Answer explanation

This is the first chapter you should know this

In figure 16.4 because heterozygotes at the beta locus have the lowest BP

• There must have been crossing over

• The two genes must be on the same chromosome.

• the beta locus will eventually be eliminated

• both the Q and R alleles will be maintained in the population selected for low blood pressur

How many possible pairings of the three genotypes MM, MN and NN can occur in a population?

• 9

• 6

• 4

• 3

If NN individuals are 15% of the population, what is the random probability that a NN-NN mating will occur by chance?

• About 2%

• About 15%

• About 30%

• About 100%

Why do we need an influenza (flu) vaccine every year?

• Because each year you receive antibodies to a few more combinations of influenza chromosomes.

• Because the vaccine wears off quickly, so a booster is required annually.

• Because of the way influenza virus particles recombine their genes, new combinations of genes evolve and can evade our immune systems.

• Because most people don't wash their hands regularly and this can cause rapid transmission of the flu each fall and winter.

In a study on firefly communication, Sara Lewis and her colleagues collected data on interpulse intervals (IPI) of flashing by males. They standardized their data by converting IPIs to values that would occur at a standard temperature, as shown in Figure 17.3B. Why did they do that?

• To determine the range of variation that they would expect to observe at one standard temperature.

• Because data collected at non-standard temperatures would be invalid.

• To account for the fact that there is more variation in IPI at lower temperatures.

• To prove that some males are inefficient communicators.

A chi-squared statistical test is used on a set of data to do which of the following?

• To compute the probability that the expected and observed numbers are close to each other.

• To determine the probability that the research hypothesis is true.

• To compute the probability of getting a sample with a chi-squared value as large as the one you calculate, assuming that the populations being tested actually have the same proportions of observed values.

• To compute the probability of getting a sample with a chi-squared value as large as the one you calculate, assuming that the populations being tested actually have the same means.

What is a derived trait?

• A specialized communication system in social animals.

• An adaptation unique to a particular species, which is evolved in that species but not found in other closely related species.

• An adaptation shared by a group of species, which has also evolved in closely related species.

• It is a trait that can only be studied using the comparative approach.

Which of the following is true about the percent of time foraging meerkats spent on alert, as summarized in the boxplot of Figure 17.13?

• 75% of meerkats spend more than 20 minutes on alert when exposed to sentinel noise.

• 90% of meerkats spend less than 35 minutes on alert when exposed to background noisse

• The median is approximately 20 when exposed to "close" calls.

A regression model such as the one used by Sarah Lewis and her colleagues in their firefly study (Figure 17.3A) was employed for what purpose?

• It allowed the researchers to perform their female response experiment at different temperatures.

• To determine the variation of male responses at a standard temperature.

• It allowed researchers to determine the adjusted IPI.

• All of the above are correct.