g) Did education reform widen opportunities 1918-79?

Education 1918-1939: The British government's attitudes to education changed after the Boer War, school were seen as away of improving the health of soldiers, more specifically...

• As part of the Liberal welfare reforms free school meals were introduced from 1906

• The focus of education was on maths and technical education to prepare boys for work in industry.

• There was a huge increase in red brick universities. For example the University of Manchester. These institutions focused less on classical education and more on technical education for example engineering.

Education 1918-1939: The British government's attitudes to education changed after the Boer War, education was seen as as way of preparing boys for work in factories, more specifically...

• As part of the Liberal welfare reforms free school meals were introduced from 1906

• The focus of education was on maths and technical education to prepare boys for work in industry.

• There was a huge increase in red brick universities. For example the University of Manchester. These institutions focused less on classical education and more on technical education for example engineering.

Education 1918-1939: The British government's attitudes to education changed after the Boer War, education was seen as as way of preparing boys for future roles in science and maths based professions, more specifically...

• As part of the Liberal welfare reforms free school meals were introduced from 1906

• The focus of education was on maths and technical education to prepare boys for work in industry.

• There was a huge increase in red brick universities. For example the University of Manchester. These institutions focused less on classical education and more on technical education for example engineering.

Education 1918-1939: 1918 Education Act was known as the Fisher Act, and was directly influenced by an ideological shift form the government, in terms of an increased role in welfare , more specifically...

• The Fisher Act aimed to reform education significantly, as part of the ‘home fit for heroes’ agenda of the coupon coalition government after 1918.

• The Fisher Act achieved two concrete changes, the school leaving age was raised to 14 and all elementary school fees were abolished.

• The Fisher Act failed to widen access and provision beyond the age of 14 and to create nursery schools for younger children, because it became a victim of the Geddes Axe

Education 1918-1939: 1918 Education Act was known as the Fisher Act, and widened participation at both ends of the age spectrum, more specifically...

• The Fisher Act aimed to reform education significantly, as part of the ‘home fit for heroes’ agenda of the coupon coalition government after 1918.

• The Fisher Act achieved two concrete changes, the school leaving age was raised to 14 and all elementary school fees were abolished.

• The Fisher Act failed to widen access and provision beyond the age of 14 and to create nursery schools for younger children, because it became a victim of the Geddes Axe

Education 1918-1939: 1918 Education Act was known as the Fisher Act, was limited by government decisions taken as a result of the economic legacy of WW1, more specifically...

• The Fisher Act aimed to reform education significantly, as part of the ‘home fit for heroes’ agenda of the coupon coalition government after 1918.

• The Fisher Act achieved two concrete changes, the school leaving age was raised to 14 and all elementary school fees were abolished.

• The Fisher Act failed to widen access and provision beyond the age of 14 and to create nursery schools for younger children, because it became a victim of the Geddes Axe

Education 1918-1939: The Hadow Report was published in 1926, made TWO recommendations , more specifically...

• The report recommended the division or education at 11. With primary schools and secondary schools.

• The report recommended grammar schools for the most academically able students, technical schools for those who wish to learn a practical trade, ‘modern schools’ for the rest

• The Hadow report’s recommendations were implemented with funding approved by Sir Eric Geddes.

Education 1945-1960: Butler Education Act 1944 was a significant turning point in education reform because it implemented a new system at secondary level , more specifically...

• The Butler Act implemented the tripartite system conceived in Hadow report. This meant 11 plus exam to decide who went to the grammar school and the secondary modern.

• the top 25% of students went to the grammar school and studied a highly academic classical education designed to prepare them for University. students that's challenging exams called O levels at the age of 16. They then studied A levels.

• 70% of students went to secondary modern schools. Students were prepared for a life of manual work in factory work. They sat no exams but were awarded a leavers certificate when they left school at 15.

• Only 5% of children went to technical colleges. To complete vocational qualifications and specialized areas such as plumbing and carpentry. This was because very few of these schools were set up due to their cost

• Despite the tripartite system having three separate elements, the aim was “parity of esteem”. teachers', students', parents' and employers would regard each route as equally worthwhile.

Education 1945-1960: Butler Education Act 1944 used an examination called the 11+ to decide the destination of pupils at secondary level, the top 25% of attainers went to...

• The Butler Act implemented the tripartite system conceived in Hadow report. This meant 11 plus exam to decide who went to the grammar school and the secondary modern.

• The grammar school and studied a highly academic classical education designed to prepare them for University. students that's challenging exams called O levels at the age of 16. They then studied A levels.

• The secondary modern schools. Students were prepared for a life of manual work in factory work. They sat no exams but were awarded a leavers certificate when they left school at 15.

• The technical colleges. To complete vocational qualifications and specialized areas such as plumbing and carpentry. This was because very few of these schools were set up due to their cost

Education 1945-1960: Butler Education Act 1944 used an examination called the 11+ to decide the destination of pupils at secondary level, the majority of studnents went to...

• The Butler Act implemented the tripartite system conceived in Hadow report. This meant 11 plus exam to decide who went to the grammar school and the secondary modern.

• The grammar school and studied a highly academic classical education designed to prepare them for University. students that's challenging exams called O levels at the age of 16. They then studied A levels.

• The secondary modern schools. Students were prepared for a life of manual work in factory work. They sat no exams but were awarded a leavers certificate when they left school at 15.

• Technical colleges. To complete vocational qualifications and specialized areas such as plumbing and carpentry. This was because very few of these schools were set up due to their cost