Kai dreams of becoming a master pianist in the future, playing for orchestras and concert halls. When his mother reminds him to practice the piano, however, he gives an excuse and says that he'll practice later. Which of the following best describes Kai?

• Kai is already an expert pianist and doesn't need to practice.

• Kai lacks the motivation required to become an expert pianist.

• Kai is too young to be an expert pianist and will grow into it.

• Kai's mother puts too much pressure on him and is diminishing his motivation to play the piano.

Mrs. Benson is considered one of the best math teachers at Lincoln Middle School. Her students say that she is good at helping them learn new concepts and that she gives them strategies for overcoming the difficulties they experience. They say that she is a challenging teacher but she knows how to help students succeed. Which type of knowledge is Mrs. Benson using to help her students learn?

• Pedagogical content knowledge

• Math content knowledge

• Metacognitive knowledge

• Motivational knowledge

Travis's teacher is teaching his class about World War II. Travis is learning places, dates, and important events about the war. What type of memory is this?

• Elaboration memory

• Procedural memory

• Declarative memory

• Episodic memory

Rhett is studying for his chemistry exam by repeating the periodic table to himself over and over again. Rhett is demonstrating which of the following?

• Storage in the sensory memory

• The use of rehearsal

• The use of chunking

• The use of organization

Mrs. Clarke, a kindergarten teacher, is preparing for the beginning of the school year. She is putting up bright-colored paintings, drawings, and banners on the walls of her classroom. She also has bright, plastic tablecloths on the tables and bright painted baskets with each student's name on them. Much to her dismay, when the students begin school, she finds it difficult to get them to listen to her. From the perspective of memory, Mrs. Clarke having trouble with her students because the bright colors are:

• grabbing the children's attention away from her.

• making the kids think school is fun.

• making the kids happy.

• not reflecting the concepts taught in her class.

Karen learned to play the guitar two years ago. Now, when she plays chords and notes on the instrument, she hardly looks at it. She is also able to sing and play at the same time. This scenario best exemplifies the concept of:

• elaboration.

• ambidexterity.

• acclimation.

• automaticity.

If Natalie engages easily in low-road transfer, which of the following is true?

• Natalie effortlessly transfers learning to new situations.

• Natalie transfers learning to new situations, but she must engage conscious effort to do so.

• Natalie considers how a newly acquired skill will transfer to potential new situations.

• Natalie reflects on a past occurrence while solving a current problem.

If Natalie engages in forward-reaching transfer, which of the following is true?

• Natalie effortlessly transfers learning to new situations.

• Natalie transfers learning to new situations, but she must engage conscious effort to do so.

• Natalie considers how a newly acquired skill will transfer to potential new situations.

• Natalie reflects on a past occurrence while solving a current problem.

Corinna is intimidated by her partner in a physics assignment, Jamal. Jamal easily transfers scientific principles to new situations, while for Corinna, it is a tedious and taxing process. Which of the following best captures the problem she is experiencing?

• High-road transfer

• Low-road transfer

• Forward-reaching transfer

• Backward-reaching transfer

Rhianna and her classmates have been assigned a project that involves concept mapping their favorite holidays and the activities they enjoy during those holidays. Which of the following best depicts the final outcome of this exercise?

• Rhianna must develop a list of holidays she enjoys.

• Rhianna must come up with a visual display that presents holidays and their respective activities.

• Rhianna must come to class with a list of titles for the concept of her favorite holidays.

• Rhianna must write a detailed essay on why Christmas is her favorite holiday.