EOC Category 3

Which two kingdoms contain organisms with Mitochodria?

• Fungi and Archaea

• Archaea and Protista

• Protista and Plantae

• Plantae and Fungi

Answer explanation

Remember: Cladograms are timelines

Based on the data, which two species of fungi are most closely related?

• Candida albicans & Saccharomyces cerevisiae

• Neuropora crassa & Candida albicans

• Saccharomyces cerevisiae & Neurospora crassa

• None of them

Answer explanation

Less differences means more relatedness!

A student wants to explain how these two very different species of fox may share a common ancestor. Which statement BEST explains the differences between the two species?

• Different environments led to different adaptations

• Same environment led to different adaptations

• Each species developed the same adaptation to different environments

• Each species migrated to environments that matched their adaptations.

Answer explanation

Organisms are born with what they have, they cannot change. Adaptations are changed by the environment over time.

Which answer choice shows the two most closely related species?

• A

• B

• C

• D

Answer explanation

Lower you go towards Species, the more related.

• F

• G

• H

• J

Answer explanation

Further apart = least related

Which statement BEST describes the reason for the changes in fur color?

• Mutations for dark fur were passed down within the somatic cells, resulting in more mice with dark fur.

• Mice with light fur selected mutations that allowed their fur to become darker.

• The fitness of mice with dark fur increased, so they became more abundant.

• Mice with light fur began feeding in the day to stimulate the release of a pigment for dark fur.

Answer explanation

The dark fur could hide and camouflage better than the light fur.

Which two levels of taxonomy are BEST to use when researching SPECIFIC information about the red wolf?

• Kingdom and Species

• Kingdom and Genus

• Genus and Species

• Species and Family

Answer explanation

Genus and Species are the most SPECIFIC taxonomic groups. You cannot get more related.

Which family of dragonflies shares the most recent common ancestor with the families Macromiidae and Corduliidae?

• Calopterygidae

• Aeshnidae

• Libellulidae

• Coenagrionidae

Answer explanation

Treat this like a family tree! The closer the branches, the more related.

How might coral bleaching affect ecosystem stability in the Great Barrier Reef?

• Species that depend on the coral for protection and food will die.

• Predators will adapt and find alternative food sources.

• Genetic and species diversity will increase

• Vulnerable species will migrate to environments with healthy corals.

Answer explanation

If the coral (producer) dies, the primary consumers will die soon after.

Farmers spray pesticides on their plants to protect the plants from being eaten by insects. Some individual insects have a genetic mutation that makes them resistant to the toxins in the pesticides.

Which statement best describes how only a few resistant individuals resulted in the pesticide becoming ineffective?

• The resistant insects change the toxin on the plants, making it safer for others.

• The resistant insects grow larger and eat less of the plants.

• The resistant insects eat the contaminated surface and leave the rest for others.

• The resistant insects are able to survive to reproduce and create a population that is also resistant.

Answer explanation

The ones that are barely strong enough to survive, will indeed survive and reproduce ming more stronger and resistant baby insects.