Dorothea Dix was known for

• becoming the first woman to be appointed president of the American Psychological Association (APA)

• becoming the first woman to be granted a Ph.D. in psychology

• documenting the poor conditions of mental asylums, which eventually led to their reform

• being the first person to ever be called a psychologist

• conducting the Little Albert study alongside John Watson

The notion that human behavior is greatly influenced by unconscious thoughts and desires is most consistent with which of the following psychological approaches?

• Cognitive

• Biological

• Behavioral

• Sociocultural

• Psychodynamic

In studying the behavior of five year olds in freeplay situations, a cognitive psychologist would be most interested in the children’s

• problem-solving strategies

• toy preferences

• degree of cooperative behavior

• prosocial play activities

• choice of playmates

An important difference between humanistic and psychoanalytic approaches is that humanistic psychologists believe in the importance of

• learning

• free will

• determinism

• biological instincts

• unconscious processes

An industrial-organizational psychologist would be most likely to study the

• cognitive development of adults

• recreational activities in a community center

• effectiveness of management training

• industrialization of the United States

• career development of high school students

Introspection, a research tool used by early psychologists, is a technique which involves

• correlational analyses

• machines designed for cognitive analysis

• survey methodology

• self-examination of mental processes

• teaching participants to multitask

John B. Watson is best known as the founder of

• behaviorism

• functionalism

• rationalism

• structuralism

• mechanism

Although Paul seems bright and capable to his parents and friends, he has been failing in school. Paul agrees to speak with a psychologist, who suggests that his problems stem from internal processes such as unrealistic expectations and negative thinking. The psychologist’s view is typical of which of the following models of behavior?

• Psychoanalytic

• Humanistic

• Cognitive

• Sociobiological

• Behavioral

Which of the following perspectives argues that every person has the potential to become self-actualized?

• Humanistic

• Behavioral

• Gestalt

• Cognitive

• Psychodynamic

Which of the following approaches to psychology emphasizes observable responses over inner experiences when accounting for behavior?

• Behaviorist

• Cognitive

• Existentialist

• Psychodynamic

• Structuralist