Cancer Genetics ENG

Please find the correct statement about tumors

• It is a disorder, that is caused by genetic factors only

• Tumours develop from cells that normally divides rapidly

• Tumour cells have equal possibility to cause metastases

• Tumour cells are genetically homogenous

Mutations in genes encoding growth factor receptors are

• Recessive - gain of function

• Recessive - loss of function

• Dominant - gain of function

• Dominant - loss of function

Find the correct statement that is characteristic of inherited retinoblastoma in comparison to sporadic retinoblastoma

• Targeted chemotherapy is available

• More commonly is bilateral

• Patients have tumours only in retina

• Late onset

Which of the statements best describes retinoblastoma?

• The "loss of heterozygosity" is characteristic only for sporadic form of retinoblastoma

• In inherited form of retinoblastoma the probability for the first degree relatives to get the retinoblastoma is 50%

• For the cancer to occur 2 gain-of-function mutations are necessary

• It is caused by underproduction (loss) of RB1 coded protein

Which DNA repair mechanism is disturbed in case of Lynch syndrome?

• Mismatch repair

• Nucleotide excision repair

• Base excision repair

• Homologous recombination repair

Fusion of the reading frames of BCR and ABL genes, which is commonly found in the case of chronic myelogenous leukemia, is a result of...

• Non-reciprocal translocation between chromosomes 9 and 22

• Reciprocal translocation between chromosomes 9 and 22

• Reciprocal translocation between chromosomes X and Y

• Non-reciprocal translocation between chromosomes 8 and 18

"Two-hit theory" is important in ..... pathogenesis

• Retinoblastoma + Lynch syndrome + Li Fraumeni

• Retinoblastoma + Lynch syndrome

• Retinoblastoma

• Lynch syndrome

• Li Fraumeni syndrome

Which expression describes the best variable expressivity in the case of breast/ovarian cancer?

• The causes of breast cancer can be either inherited or sporadic mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes

• In one family 3 women of 3 generations have breast cancer - grandmother is 70 years old, the daughter is 45 years old and the granddaughter is 25

• The same mutation in BRCA1 gene in different women can cause either cancer in both breasts or just one

• Correct answer is not mentioned