AP Biology Unit 7 Review Part 1

Natural Selection acts on...

• Phenotypes

• Genotypes

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Who is the father of evolution?

• Lammarick

• Darwin

• Mendel

What is Darwin’s theory of natural selection?

Answer explanation

Individuals with more favorable traits for their environment will be

› more likely to survive to reproduce

› leave more offspring for the next generation

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Which of the following evolves?

• Individuals

• Populations

Answer explanation

Individuals are selected for or against based on their phenotypic characters. That selection causes certain phenotypes to be more likely to survive and thus the frequency of the trait in the population will change. This means that the population has evolved not the individuals.

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What does it mean if an organism is “more fit”? (what does fitness mean?)

Answer explanation

Fitness is reproductive success

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What is natural selection?

• Organism with less favorable traits are more likely to live

• Nature selects for the less favorable traits

• Organism with more favorable traits are more likely to live

• Nature selects against the most favorable traits.

Answer explanation

Individuals with more favorable traits will be more likely to survive. Since they are more likely to survive, they are more likely to leave offspring (and those offspring are more likely to survive). So, nature selects for the more favorable traits and against less favorable traits.

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Which level does natural selection act on?

• Individual Genotype

• Population Genotype

• Individual Phenotype

• Population Phenotype

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How is artificial selection different than natural selection?

• Artificial picks best traits for past events

• Artificial picks traits based on human’s interests

• Artificial picks best traits for future events

• Artificial picks traits based on predator/prey interests

Antibiotic resistant bacteria are an example of artificial selection.

• True

• False

Answer explanation

If humans introduce antibiotics into their bodies, the bacteria that are resistant will be killed leaving resistant bacterial selected for.

Although humans caused the selective pressure which led to the directional selection, nature still determined reproductive fitness of the phenotypes.

 If a dog breeder only mates dalmatians with perfect spots, which type of selection?

• Artifical

• Natural

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