HISTOPATH: STAINING

Enables one to see and study the architectural pattern of the tissue and physical characteristics and structural relationships of tissues and their cells.

• Staining
• Dyeing

The process whereby the tissue constituents are demonstrated in sections by direct interaction with a dye or staining solution, producing coloration of the active tissue component

• HISTOLOGICAL STAINING
• HISTOCHEMICAL STAINING (HISTOCHEMISTRY)
• IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL STAINING (IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY)

The process whereby various constituents of tissues are studied thru chemical reactions that will permit microscopic localization of a specific tissue substance.

• HISTOLOGICAL STAINING
• HISTOCHEMICAL STAINING (HISTOCHEMISTRY)
• IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL STAINING (IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY)

A combination of immunologic and histochemical techniques that allow phenotypic markers to be detected and demonstrated under the microscope, using a wide range of monoclonal, fluorescent-labeled or enzyme-labeled antibodies.

• HISTOLOGICAL STAINING
• HISTOCHEMICAL STAINING (HISTOCHEMISTRY)
• IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL STAINING (IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY)

It is the basis of Histochemistry. - It is accomplished by controlled, specific chemical reactions designed to give a final color (staining) at the site/location of the structure of the substances in the cells or tissues.

• SPECIFIC STAINING
• SIMPLE STAINING/DIRECT STAINING
• INDIRECT STAINING

The staining of tissue by means of simple alcoholic/aqueous solution of the dye. - Examples: Methylene blue and Eosin

• SPECIFIC STAINING
• SIMPLE STAINING/DIRECT STAINING
• INDIRECT STAINING

The action of the dye is intensified by some other agents: a. Mordant b. Accentuator

• SPECIFIC STAINING
• SIMPLE STAINING/DIRECT STAINING
• INDIRECT STAINING

A substance which, when taken up by the tissue, helps make the dye in return serving as a link or bridge to make the staining reaction possible. - Combines with a dye forming a colored “lake” which combines with tissue to form an insoluble “tissue-mordant-dye complex.” - An integral part of the staining reaction itself, without which, no staining could possibly occur.

• Mordant
• Accentuator

Chemical substances that does not participate but merely increases or heightens the color intensity, selectivity and crispness of the stain. - Differ from mordants in that they do not bind or link the tissue to the dye.

• Mordant
• Accentuator

Staining is continued in a definite sequence until the desired intensity of coloring of the different tissue elements is attained. - No washing/ differentiation/ decolorization in between is required solely relies on the selective affinity of dyes for different cellular elements. - Example: Any stain is possible as long as no differentiation is done.

• PROGRESSIVE STAINING
• REGRESSIVE STAINING
• METACHROMATIC STAINING
• COUNTERSTAINING