What is the triad described by Paul Ricoeur in the reading?

• Structure, Technique, and Humanity

• Architecture, Remembrance, and Solitude

• Space, Place, and Memory

• Memory, Forgetfulness, and History

According to Ricoeur, what is the main difference between history and memory?

• History is a science, while memory is a form of therapy

• History is retrospective, while memory involves both retrospection and prospection

• History is concerned with the future, while memory is concerned with the past

• History is based on written records, while memory is based on collective experience

How does memory influence the work of historians?

• It provides historians with an accurate record of past events

• It helps historians understand the expectations and perspectives of people in the past

• It makes it more difficult for historians to establish the facts of history

• It encourages historians to focus on the present rather than the past

What is the significance of forgetfulness in memory and history?

• It is a necessary aspect of both memory and history, allowing for selective construction of narratives

• It is a major obstacle to accurate historical analysis, leading to incomplete or biased interpretations

• It is a sign of weakness or failure in the individual or society that cannot remember everything

• It is a means of avoiding the burden of painful or traumatic memories from the past

What is the therapeutic value of resurrecting the unfulfilled promises of the past?

• It inspires political leaders to revive traditions and cultural values that have been forgotten or ignored

• It promotes a sense of nostalgia and longing for a past that cannot be recovered

• It encourages people to focus on the future rather than dwelling on the mistakes of the past

• It helps to correct the retrospective illusion of fatality and reintroduce contingency into history

In Pierre Nora's essay, what is the main argument of the first part?

• The history of history is an innocent operation

• Historiography is more pragmatic in France than in the United States

• The history of history involves a critical approach to memory and tradition

• Historians seek to preserve the mythologies of their predecessors

What does the author mean by "the dissociation of history from memory"?

• The critical examination of historical memory

• The combination of history and memory

• The separation of history from the study of the past

• The loss of historical memory.

What is the significance of the defeat of 1870 in relation to French historiography?

• It had no impact on French historiography.

• It marked the end of the nation's interest in history.

• It led to the development of a severe documentary erudition for the scholarly transmission of memory.

• It caused the nation's memory to become more fragmented.

The "Lieux de Memoire" is not necessary a place, but can be a memory, an object, a celebration

• True

• False

KILLER QUESTION 1: According to the text, what distinguishes "Lieux de memoire" from other historical objects? (6p)

• They are exclusively physical objects with no historical context

• They are self-referential signs without a referent in reality

• . They are national symbols imposed from above by established interests

• They are spontaneous expressions of collective memory with no official recognition