Quiz about CP2 Final Study Guide

Question 1

In humans, gametes contain

Accepted Answer

22 autosomes and 1 sex chromosome

Answer

45 autosomes and 1 sex chromosome

Answer

1 autosome and 22 sex chromosomes

Answer

1 autosome and 45 sex chromosomes

Question 2

Tallness (T) is dominant to shortness (t) in pea plants. Which of the following represents a genotype of a pea plant that is heterozygous for tallness?

Accepted Answer

Tt

Answer

T

Answer

TT

Answer

tt

Question 3

If nondisjunction occurs,

Accepted Answer

a gamete will receive too many or too few copies of a chromosome.

Answer

no gametes will be produced.

Answer

mitosis cannot take place.

Answer

there will be too many gametes produced.

Question 4

Crossing-over occurs

Accepted Answer

during prophase I

Answer

during prophase II

Answer

at the centromere

Answer

during fertilization

Question 5

Each of the following is a type of RNA except

Accepted Answer

carrier RNA.

Answer

transfer RNA.

Answer

messenger RNA.

Answer

ribosomal RNA.

Question 6

A haploid cell is one that

Accepted Answer

has one set of chromosomes.

Answer

is designated by the symbol 2n.

Answer

has chromosomes found in pairs.

Answer

has two homologues of each chromosome.

Question 7

Light energy is converted to chemical energy through the process of

Accepted Answer

photosynthesis.

Answer

glycolysis.

Answer

cellular respiration.

Answer

fermentation.

Question 8

Which of the following shows the correct sequence of the cell cycle?

Accepted Answer

G1-S-G2-mitosis-cytokinesis

Answer

cytokinesis-mitosis-G1-S-G2

Answer

S-G1-G2-mitosis-cytokinesis

Answer

mitosis-G1-S-G2-cytokinesis

Question 9

Homologous chromosomes are pairs of chromosomes containing genes that code for

Accepted Answer

the same trait.

Answer

DNA.

Answer

sex.

Answer

different traits.

Question 10

Chlorophyll is green because

Accepted Answer

it reflects green wavelengths of light.

Answer

it absorbs green wavelengths of light.

Answer

it absorbs blue and yellow wavelengths, which make green.

Answer

of an optical illusion caused by transmitted light.

Question 11

The first three phases of the cell cycle are collectively known as

Accepted Answer

interphase.

Answer

telophase.

Answer

a gap.

Answer

mitosis

Question 12

When a phosphate group is removed from an ATP molecule,

Accepted Answer

a substantial amount of energy is released.

Answer

a substantial amount of energy is used.

Answer

energy is stored.

Answer

an enzyme is formed.

Question 13

The function of rRNA is to

Accepted Answer

form ribosomes.

Answer

synthesize mRNA.

Answer

synthesize DNA.

Answer

transfer amino acids to ribosomes.

Question 14

Which statement best describes galaxies?

Accepted Answer

They may contain billions of stars in a space much larger than our solar system.

Answer

They contain only one star but hundreds of planets.

Answer

They are similar in size to the solar system.

Answer

They may contain a few hundred stars in a space slightly larger than the solar system.

Question 15

Which disease is caused by a problem in the regulation of the cell cycle?

Accepted Answer

cancer

Answer

sickle-cell

Answer

Down syndrome

Answer

diabetes

Question 16

Normal human males develop from fertilized eggs containing which of the following sex chromosome combinations?

Accepted Answer

XY

Answer

OO

Answer

XO

Answer

XX

Question 17

Each nucleotide triplet in mRNA that specifies a particular amino acid is called a(n)

Accepted Answer

codon.

Answer

anticodon.

Answer

helicase.

Answer

peptide bond.

Question 18

When crossing-over takes place, chromosomes

Accepted Answer

exchange corresponding segments of DNA.

Answer

produce new genes.

Answer

decrease in number.

Answer

mutate in the first division.

Question 19

Which star color indicates the hottest star surface temperature?

Accepted Answer

blue

Answer

yellow

Answer

white

Answer

red

Question 20

As the sun ages it will be composed of

Accepted Answer

more helium and less hydrogen.

Answer

less oxygen and more carbon.

Answer

more oxygen and less carbon.

Answer

more hydrogen and less helium.

Question 21

According to our present theories of stellar evolution, our sun will change next into

Accepted Answer

a red giant.

Answer

a black hole.

Answer

a white dwarf.

Answer

a supernova.

Question 22

Mitosis is the process by which

Accepted Answer

the nucleus is divided into two nuclei.

Answer

microtubules are assembled.

Answer

cytoplasm is divided.

Answer

the cell rests.

Question 23

The phenotype of an organism

Accepted Answer

is the physical appearance of a trait.

Answer

cannot be seen.

Answer

is used to represent its genetic composition.

Answer

occurs only in dominant individuals.

Question 24

The non-coding portions of DNA that are separated from the portions of DNA actually used during transcription are called

Accepted Answer

introns.

Answer

exons.

Answer

exposons.

Answer

transposons.

Question 25

In RNA molecules, adenine is complementary to

Accepted Answer

uracil.

Answer

guanine.

Answer

cytosine.

Answer

thymine.

Question 26

Suppose that you are given a protein containing the following sequence of amino acids: tyrosine, proline, aspartic acid, isoleucine, and cystine. Which of the following DNA sequences code for this amino acid sequence?

Accepted Answer

ATGGGTCTATATACG

Answer

ATAGGGCTTTAAACA

Answer

AUGGGUCUAUAUACG

Answer

GCAAACTCGCGCGTA

Question 27

Transcription, which is a stage of gene expression, is the process by which genetic information encoded in DNA is transferred to a(n)

Accepted Answer

RNA molecule.

Answer

DNA molecule.

Answer

uracil molecule.

Answer

tRNA molecule.

Question 28

If an individual possesses two recessive alleles for the same trait, the individual is said to be

Accepted Answer

homozygous for the trait.

Answer

heterozygous for the trait.

Answer

haploid for the trait.

Answer

mutated.

Question 29

Cells produce ATP most efficiently in the presence of

Accepted Answer

oxygen.

Answer

water.

Answer

glucose.

Answer

carbon dioxide.

Question 30

A nucleotide consists of

Accepted Answer

a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogen base.

Answer

a starch, a phosphate group, and a nitrogen base.

Answer

a sugar, a protein, and adenine.

Answer

a sugar, an amino acid, and starch.

Question 31

During DNA replication, a complementary strand of DNA is made from each original DNA strand. thus, if a portion of the original strand is CCTAGCT, then the new strand will be

Accepted Answer

GGATCGA.

Answer

TTGCATG.

Answer

CCTAGCT.

Answer

AAGTATC.

Question 32

Molecules of DNA are composed of long chains of

Accepted Answer

nucleotides.

Answer

monosaccharides.

Answer

amino acids.

Answer

fatty acids.

Question 33

The phase of mitosis that is characterized by the arrangement of all chromosomes along the equator of the cell is called

Accepted Answer

metaphase.

Answer

telophase.

Answer

anaphase.

Answer

prophase.

Question 34

Which of the following is the best explanation for the presence of both chloroplasts and mitochondria in plant cells?

Accepted Answer

Sugars are produced in chloroplasts. These sugars can be stored and used by the mitochondria to produce ATP.

Answer

In the light, plants make their own glucose, but in the dark, photosynthesis stops and mitochondria make glucose.

Answer

If plants cannot produce enough ATP in the process of photosynthesis to meet their energy needs, they can produce it in aerobic respiration.

Answer

The leaves and sometimes the stems of plants contain chloroplasts, which produce ATP to meet the energy needs of these plant parts. The roots of plants contain mitochondria, which produce ATP to meet the energy needs of these plant parts.

Question 35

What is the portion of the protein molecule coded for by a piece of mRNA with the sequence CUCAAGUGCUUC?

Accepted Answer

Leu-Lys-Cys-Phe

Answer

Val-Asp-Pro-His

Answer

Ser-Tyr-Arg-Gly

Answer

Pro-Glu-Leu-Val

Question 36

Mendel's finding that the inheritance of one trait had no effect on the inheritance of another became known as the

Accepted Answer

law of independent assortment.

Answer

law of separate convenience.

Answer

law of dominance.

Answer

law of universal inheritance.

Question 37

In humans, eye color and height are controlled by

Accepted Answer

polygenic inheritance.

Answer

incomplete dominance.

Answer

multiple alleles.

Answer

simple dominance.

Question 38

Which property determines whether a giant star or a supergiant star will form?

Accepted Answer

mass

Answer

shape

Answer

color

Answer

composition

Question 39

Which evidence best supports scientists' inferences about the origin and age of the universe?

Accepted Answer

cosmic background radiation

Answer

formation of star constilations

Answer

similar composition of Earth and the moon

Answer

the existence of planets

Question 40

The process of cellular respiration

Accepted Answer

breaks down food molecules to release stored energy.

Answer

is performed only by organisms that are incapable of photosynthesis.

Answer

occurs before plants are able to continue photosynthesis.

Answer

occurs only in animals.

Question 41

Most of the energy used by life on Earth comes from the

Accepted Answer

sun.

Answer

moon.

Answer

rotation of Earth.

Answer

weather.

Question 42

ATP is composed of a nitrogenous base, a sugar, and

Accepted Answer

three phosphate groups.

Answer

two phosphate groups.

Answer

one phosphate group.

Answer

four phosphate groups.

Question 43

During transcription,

Accepted Answer

RNA is produced.

Answer

proteins are synthesized.

Answer

translation occurs.

Answer

DNA is replicated.

Question 44

The entire molecule shown in the diagram is called a(n)

Accepted Answer

nucleotide.

Answer

amino acid.

Answer

pyrimidine.

Answer

polysaccharide.

Question 45

According to astronomers, the age of the universe is estimated to be

Accepted Answer

13.7 billion years.

Answer

7.9 billion years.

Answer

1.3 billion years.

Answer

4.6 billion years.

Question 46

Cellular respiration takes place in two stages:

Accepted Answer

glycolysis, then aerobic respiration.

Answer

electron transport chain, then fermentation.

Answer

glycolysis, then photosynthesis.

Answer

fermentation, then glycolysis.

Question 47

The graph demonstrates that the rate of photosynthesis

Accepted Answer

increases in response to increasing light intensity, but only to a certain point.

Answer

decreases in response to increasing light intensity.

Answer

increases indefinitely in response to increasing light intensity.

Answer

is unaffected by changes in light intensity.

Question 48

If a characteristic is sex-linked, the gene for it is found on

Accepted Answer

a sex chromosome.

Answer

an autosome.

Answer

a linked chromosome.

Answer

an allele.

Question 49

The unit most used by astronomers to express the distances to other galaxies is

Accepted Answer

lightyears.

Answer

kilometers.

Answer

astronomical unit.

Answer

miles.

Question 50

The portions of DNA molecules that actually code for the production of proteins are called

Accepted Answer

exons.

Answer

exposons.

Answer

introns.

Answer

transposons.

Question 51

Which of the following is not found in RNA?

Accepted Answer

thymine

Answer

uracil

Answer

adenine

Answer

cytosine

Question 52

Which of the following stars is least bright?

Accepted Answer

a white dwarf

Answer

a blue supergiant

Answer

a red giant

Answer

the sun

Question 53

Which of the following correctly indicates the order in which these events occur?

Accepted Answer

2, 1, 4, 3

Answer

2, 1, 3, 4

Answer

1, 3, 2, 4

Answer

1, 2, 3, 4,

Question 54

Compared to Earth's solar system, the universe is inferred to be

Accepted Answer

older and larger

Answer

younger and larger

Answer

younger and smaller

Answer

older and smaller

Question 55

The Milky Way Galaxy is best described as

Accepted Answer

spiral.

Answer

elliptical.

Answer

irregular.

Answer

circular.

Question 56

Which process generates the energy that is released by stars?

Accepted Answer

nuclear fusion

Answer

convection currents

Answer

thermal conduction

Answer

radioactive decay

Question 57

The process of producing offspring is called reproduction and can be

Accepted Answer

asexual or sexual.

Answer

haploid or diploid.

Answer

zygotic or gametic.

Answer

eukaryotic or prokaryotic.

Question 58

The law of segregation states that

Accepted Answer

alleles of a gene separate from each other during meiosis.

Answer

each gene is found on a different molecule of DNA.

Answer

each gene of an organism ends up in a different gamete.

Answer

different alleles of a gene can never be found in the same organism.

Question 59

People with Down syndrome have

Accepted Answer

47 chromosomes.

Answer

no X chromosomes.

Answer

46 chromosomes.

Answer

45 chromosomes.

Question 60

The synthesis (S) phase is characterized by

Accepted Answer

DNA replication.

Answer

cell division.

Answer

replication of mitochondria and other organelles.

Answer

the division of the cytoplasm.

Question 61

The amount of guanine in an organism always equals the amount of

Accepted Answer

cytosine.

Answer

protein.

Answer

adenine.

Answer

thymine.

Question 62

In humans, the male determines the sex of the child because males have

Accepted Answer

one X and one Y chromosome.

Answer

46 chromosomes.

Answer

two Y chromosomes.

Answer

two X chromosomes.

Question 63

An allele that is always expressed whenever it is present is called

Accepted Answer

dominant.

Answer

phenotypic.

Answer

superior.

Answer

recessive.

Question 64

How many chromosomes are in the body cells of an organism that has a haploid number of 8?

Accepted Answer

16

Answer

12

Answer

8

Answer

4

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