muscle does not have time to completely relax between stimuli

Ca2+ release stimulates further contraction

Further increase in stimulus frequency

temporal (wave) summation

Ca2+ release stimulates further contraction

Further increase in stimulus frequency

unfused (incomplete) tetanus

Further increase in stimulus frequency

Ca2+ release stimulates further contraction

the muscle shortens and performs work

Eccentric (stretch) contractions

the muscle contracts as it lengthens

Eccentric (stretch) contractions

Muscle changes in length and moves the load

Eccentric (stretch) contractions

The load is greater than the tension the muscle is able to develop

Eccentric (stretch) contractions

First step in skeletal muscle contraction

A thought in the brain results in a impulse traveling down a nerve to a muscle

At the neural motor end plate, the impulse causes calcium to enter the nerve

Calcium results in exocytosis of the neurotransmitter Acetylcholine(Ach) from the end plate into the neuromuscular synapse

Acetylcholine binds to the Sodium channels on the sarcolemma of the muscle

Second step in skeletal muscle contraction

At the neural motor end plate, the impulse causes calcium to enter the nerve

A thought in the brain results in a impulse traveling down a nerve to a muscle

Calcium results in exocytosis of the neurotransmitter Acetylcholine(Ach) from the end plate into the neuromuscular synapse

Acetylcholine binds to the Sodium channels on the sarcolemma of the muscle

Third step in skeletal muscle contraction

Calcium results in exocytosis of the neurotransmitter Acetylcholine(Ach) from the end plate into the neuromuscular synapse

A thought in the brain results in a impulse traveling down a nerve to a muscle

At the neural motor end plate, the impulse causes calcium to enter the nerve

Acetylcholine binds to the Sodium channels on the sarcolemma of the muscle

Fourth step in skeletal muscle contraction

Acetylcholine binds to the Sodium channels on the sarcolemma of the muscle

A thought in the brain results in a impulse traveling down a nerve to a muscle

At the neural motor end plate, the impulse causes calcium to enter the nerve

Calcium results in exocytosis of the neurotransmitter Acetylcholine(Ach) from the end plate into the neuromuscular synapse

Fifth step in skeletal muscle contraction

Acetylcholine binding to the sodium channel receptor opens the channel allowing Sodium(+) to diffuse into the muscle thereby reversing the membrane electrical potential from positive on the outside and negative on the inside of the sarcolemma to positive on the inside and negative on the outside

At the neural motor end plate, the impulse causes calcium to enter the nerve

Calcium results in exocytosis of the neurotransmitter Acetylcholine(Ach) from the end plate into the neuromuscular synapse

Acetylcholine binds to the Sodium channels on the sarcolemma of the muscle

Sixth step in skeletal muscle contraction

This membrane potential reversal results in a action potential (impulse) that travels along the sarcolemma until it reaches a T-tubule where it proceeds down

Acetylcholine binding to the sodium channel receptor opens the channel allowing Sodium(+) to diffuse into the muscle thereby reversing the membrane electrical potential from positive on the outside and negative on the inside of the sarcolemma to positive on the inside and negative on the outside

Calcium results in exocytosis of the neurotransmitter Acetylcholine(Ach) from the end plate into the neuromuscular synapse

Acetylcholine binds to the Sodium channels on the sarcolemma of the muscle

Seventh step in skeletal muscle contraction

The impulse stimulates electrical sensitive gaited voltage sensors to open the doors of the terminal cisternae of the sarcoplasmic reticulum and thereby releasing Calcium onto the sarcomere of the muscle

Acetylcholine binding to the sodium channel receptor opens the channel allowing Sodium(+) to diffuse into the muscle thereby reversing the membrane electrical potential from positive on the outside and negative on the inside of the sarcolemma to positive on the inside and negative on the outside

This membrane potential reversal results in a action potential (impulse) that travels along the sarcolemma until it reaches a T-tubule where it proceeds down

Acetylcholine binds to the Sodium channels on the sarcolemma of the muscle

Eighth step in skeletal muscle contraction

Calcium then binds with the troponin complexes whichresults in tropomyosin being pulled off the myosin bindingsites of G-actin

Acetylcholine binding to the sodium channel receptor opens the channel allowing Sodium(+) to diffuse into the muscle thereby reversing the membrane electrical potential from positive on the outside and negative on the inside of the sarcolemma to positive on the inside and negative on the outside

This membrane potential reversal results in a action potential (impulse) that travels along the sarcolemma until it reaches a T-tubule where it proceeds down

The impulse stimulates electrical sensitive gaited voltage sensors to open the doors of the terminal cisternae of the sarcoplasmic reticulum and thereby releasing Calcium onto the sarcomere of the muscle

Ninth step in skeletal muscle contraction

The Myosin heads containing ATP then bind to G-actin

This membrane potential reversal results in a action potential (impulse) that travels along the sarcolemma until it reaches a T-tubule where it proceeds down

The impulse stimulates electrical sensitive gaited voltage sensors to open the doors of the terminal cisternae of the sarcoplasmic reticulum and thereby releasing Calcium onto the sarcomere of the muscle

Calcium then binds with the troponin complexes whichresults in tropomyosin being pulled off the myosin bindingsites of G-actin

Tenth step in skeletal muscle contraction

ATP is then broken into ADP thereby causing the myosin head-Gactin to be putin a cocked position. When ADP and the P are released from the myosin head, theenergy causes the myosin head to pull the actin filament to the center of thesarcomere and results in a contraction

The Myosin heads containing ATP then bind to G-actin

The impulse stimulates electrical sensitive gaited voltage sensors to open the doors of the terminal cisternae of the sarcoplasmic reticulum and thereby releasing Calcium onto the sarcomere of the muscle

Calcium then binds with the troponin complexes whichresults in tropomyosin being pulled off the myosin bindingsites of G-actin

Eleventh step in skeletal muscle contraction

A second ATP attaches to the myosin head and separates it from G-actin and calcium is released from troponin and tropomyosin slides back over G-actin releasing the myosin head from the G-actin and covering the binding site. This results in a relaxation

The Myosin heads containing ATP then bind to G-actin

ATP is then broken into ADP thereby causing the myosin head-Gactin to be putin a cocked position. When ADP and the P are released from the myosin head, theenergy causes the myosin head to pull the actin filament to the center of thesarcomere and results in a contraction

Calcium then binds with the troponin complexes whichresults in tropomyosin being pulled off the myosin bindingsites of G-actin

twelfth step in skeletal muscle contraction

This whole process of skeletal muscle contraction is called the sliding scale model

The Myosin heads containing ATP then bind to G-actin

ATP is then broken into ADP thereby causing the myosin head-Gactin to be putin a cocked position. When ADP and the P are released from the myosin head, theenergy causes the myosin head to pull the actin filament to the center of thesarcomere and results in a contraction

A second ATP attaches to the myosin head and separates it from G-actin and calcium is released from troponin and tropomyosin slides back over G-actin releasing the myosin head from the G-actin and covering the binding site. This results in a relaxation

Module 8

Authored by Anna Beales

Physical Ed

University

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MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

(responsiveness or irritability) ability to receive and respond to stimuli

Excitability

Contractility

Extensibility

Elasticity

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

ability to shorten when stimulated

Excitability

Contractility

Extensibility

Elasticity

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

ability to be stretched

Excitability

Contractility

Extensibility

Elasticity

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

ability to recoil to resting length

Excitability

Contractility

Extensibility

Elasticity

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

dense regular connective tissue surrounding entire muscle

Epimysium

Perimysium

Endomysium

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

fibrous connective tissue surrounding fascicles groups of muscle fibers (cell)

Epimysium

Perimysium

Endomysium

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

fine areolar connective tissue surrounding each muscle fiber (cell)

Epimysium

Perimysium

Endomysium

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Module 8

(responsiveness or irritability) ability to receive and respond to stimuli

ability to shorten when stimulated

ability to be stretched

ability to recoil to resting length

dense regular connective tissue surrounding entire muscle

fibrous connective tissue surrounding fascicles groups of muscle fibers (cell)

fine areolar connective tissue surrounding each muscle fiber (cell)

run the entire length of an A band

run the length of the I band and partway into the Aband

coin-shaped sheet of proteins that anchors the thin filaments andconnects myofibrils to one another

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