Rizal

a boastful and ruthless governor general, aroused the

anger of the Filipinos by executing the innocent Fathers Mariano Gomez, Jose Burgos and Jacinto

Zamora, the “Martyrs of 1872”.

• General Rafael de Izquierdo

• General Primo de Rivera

• General Valeriano Weyler

enriched himself by accepting bribes from

gambling casinos in Manila which he scandalously permitted to operate.

• General Rafael de Izquierdo

• General Primo de Rivera

• General Valeriano Weyler

a cruel and corrupt governor general of Hispanic-German

ancestry, arrived in Manila a poor man and returned to Spain a millionaire.

• General Rafael de Izquierdo

• General Primo de Rivera

• General Valeriano Weyler

The Philippines experienced her first period

of representation in the Cortes from 1810 to 1813. History demonstrates that the first Philippine

delegate, Venture de los Reyes, took active part in the framing of the Constitution of 1812, Spain’s

first democratic constitution, and was one of its 184 signers. Another achievement of Delegate De

los Reyes was the abolition of the galleon trade.

• Philippine Representation in Spanish Cortes.

• Human Rights Denied to Filipinos.

• No Equality Before the Law.

• Maladministration of Justice.

The people of Spain enjoyed freedom of speech, freedom

of the press, freedom of association, and other human rights (except freedom of religion). The

Spain denied them to the Filipinos in Asia.

• Philippine Representation in Spanish Cortes.

• Human Rights Denied to Filipinos.

• No Equality Before the Law.

• Maladministration of Justice.

The Spanish missionaries who introduced Christianity into the

Philippines taught that all men, irrespective of color and race, are children of God and as such they

are brothers, equal before God.

• Philippine Representation in Spanish Cortes.

• Human Rights Denied to Filipinos.

• No Equality Before the Law.

• Maladministration of Justice.

The Spanish judges, fiscals, and other court officials were inept

and oftentimes ignorant of law. The justice was costly, partial and slow. Poor Filipino had no

access to the courts because they cannot afford the heavy expenses of litigation.

• Philippine Representation in Spanish Cortes.

• Human Rights Denied to Filipinos.

• No Equality Before the Law.

• Maladministration of Justice.

They regarded the converted Filipinos not as a brother Christians, but

as inferior beings who were infinitely undeserving the rights and privileges that the white

Spaniards enjoyed.

• Racial Discrimination.

• Frailocracy.

• Forced Labor.

• Haciendas Owned by the Friars.

Owing to the Spanish political philosophy of union of Church and State, there

arose a unique form of government in Hispanic Philippines

• Racial Discrimination.

• Frailocracy.

• Forced Labor.

• Haciendas Owned by the Friars.

Known as the “polo y servicio”, it was a compulsory labor imposed by the

Spanish colonial authorities on adult Filipino males in the construction of churches, schools,

hospitals, building and repairing of roads and bridges; the building of ships in the shipyards; and

other public works. Filipino males from 16 to 60 years old were obliged to render forced labor for

40 days a year.

• Racial Discrimination.

• Frailocracy.

• Forced Labor.

• Haciendas Owned by the Friars.